Prepared by: Elsy Torres Shajida Berry Siobhan Westby

Basic Information Computer programmers have their own languages that pretty much make no sense to anybody else. C⁺⁺ being one of them. In 1980, Bjarne Stroustrup, from Bell labs, began the development of the C++ language, that would receive formally this name at the end of 1983, when its first manual was going to be published. In October 1985, the first commercial release of the language appeared as well as the first edition of the book "The C++ Programming Language" by Bjarne Stroustrup.

Basic Information During the 80s, the C++ language was being refined until it became a language with its own personality. All that with very few losses of compatibility with the code with C, and without resigning to its most important characteristics. In fact, the ANSI standard for the C language published in 1989 took good part of the contributions of C++ to structured programming.

Basic Features Like any other programming language, C++ uses data types to store values and information in. Here you can find a small list of the most used data types. Int (integer value) Float (decimal value) Char (a character, contains text) Bool (boolean, true or false)

Basic Features When you are coding and you want to store a value, you will have to know two things. First, what kind of data should the variable be able to handle? Second, what will the variable be called? This is how you declare those four data types. int ThisIsAIntegerValue; float ThisIsADecimalValue; char ThisIsACharacterVariable; bool ThisIsABoolean; As you can see you first write the data type, after that, it's name, and then you have to finish the declaring with a ";".

Basic Features C++ is a multiparadigm language. This allows developers to choose the programming style that is right for the task at hand. For example, a traditional procedural style may be appropriate for performing a simple task such as writing the code within a small member function. C++ software can be performance and memory efficient. For example, well-designed, object oriented software is normally comprehensible and therefore amenable to performance tuning. C++ is backward compatible with C. This is useful in very large legacy systems where the migration to C++ normally occurs a few subsystems at a time rather than all at once

Object-oriented programming languages: Objects: Object is the basic unit of object-oriented programming. Objects are identified by its unique name. An object represents a particular instance of a class. There can be more than one instance of an object. Each instance of an object can hold its own relevant data. An Object is a collection of data members and associated member functions also known as methods.

Classes: are data types based on which objects are created. Objects with similar properties and methods are grouped together to form a Class. Thus a Class represent a set of individual objects. Characteristics of an object are represented in a class as Properties. The actions that can be performed by objects becomes functions of the class and is referred to as Methods. No memory is allocated when a class is created. Memory is allocated only when an object is created, i.e., when an instance of a class is created.

Inheritance: is the process of forming a new class from an existing class or base class. The base class is also known as parent class or super class, The new class that is formed is called derived class. Derived class is also known as a child class or sub class. It helps in reducing the overall code size of the program, which is an important concept in object-oriented programming

Data Abstraction: increases the power of programming language by creating user defined data types. It also represents the needed information in the program without presenting the details. Data Encapsulation: combines data and functions into a single unit called Class. When using it, data is not accessed directly; it is only accessible through the functions present inside the class. It enables the important concept of data hiding possible

Polymorphism: allows routines to use variables of different types at different times. An operator or function can be given different meanings or functions. It refers to a single function or multi-functioning operator performing in different ways. Overloading: is one type of Polymorphism. It allows an object to have different meanings, depending on its context. When an exiting operator or function begins to operate on new data type, or class, it is understood to be overloaded. Reusability: This term refers to the ability for multiple programmers to use the same written and debugged existing class of data. This is a time saving device and adds code efficiency to the language.

Advantages Because C++ is an object-oriented programming language, it is designed to allow the creation and manipulation of objects from the problem domain. allows programmers to operate at a higher level of abstraction. A good abstraction allows users to use an object in a relatively safe and predictable manner

Example Printing Hello World! The first line in main uses the std::cout object to print the string (sequence of characters) Hello World! and end the line: std::cout << "Hello World!\n"; Adding Intergers #include using namespace std; int main() { int a = 3, b = 5; cout << a << '+' << b << '=' << (a+b); return 0; }

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