References GMS Migration

Migration is not new  1960s to 1980s the migrants as refugees.  1990s is a mix refugee form Burma (Migration Overview & Literature Review).  2000s from some countries move to another country. 

Statistics  .Thailand 229  Myanmar1475  Cambodia 240  Vietnam 279  Lao 258  China none

More than 50% of GMS Migrants are Women: Gender Implications for policy UNDP Report

Undocumented migration  Estimates 4 Million people today are leaving and work abroad with irregular statute  Much migrants go to Thailand, especially, harvest season, temporary, circular, is unrecorded and undocumented.  Without documentation and the absence of protective legal frameworks, such as migrants have few right, are vulnerable to exploitation, and are largely invisible to policy makers.

Migration as an Option  Poor people in the GMS Countries, decide to leave their own country to work in other country for better life condition.  The GMS countries go to work in abroad to get more skill, experience, high income and remittance  Decrease poverty,  Easy to across the country neighbored  Undercut domestic industrial and garment industries because out of forced.

Impact of development/poverty reduction  People in developing countries go to developed counties for work and get high salary, better skill,  Country has a better policy, situation, economic, technology  Gender equality, Human rights (combat child labour)  Law framework,  bilateral, multilateral MOU

Remittances Vietnam: 1.7.$billion per years Myanmar: 3.6million $per year (estimate) Cambodia: 1.3 million $per year (estimate) Thailand: 2b estimate) #For their families affairs. -important for family -send informal channel #for Government gets taxes but not effective -small amount of money

Circular Migration  Promote migrations policy in GMS  *easy to move  *safety to work  *equal treatment  *  Biletral agreement (or) MoU 

Influential Policies on Migration  A range of policies may have impact on migration including:

Economic impact on host countries  Increase the tax revenue  Sustainable labour market  Increase skills labour and new technology  GDP improving from the investment  Exchange cultural and innovation

Middlepeople  Assist the labour worker legally to find a job in abroad  Improving the cooperation among origin and destination countries  Help the government to solve the problem of unemployment  Contribute to make the laws and regulations relating to the labour migrant in the countries

GMS Governance on Migration  The government of GMS countries have to establish the effective measure to implement the agreement and convention concerned on migration  Working closely with International Organizations such as : IOM, UNIAP, ILO, UNHCR …  Sign MoU on labour migration between GMS countries as well as bilateral and multi-lateral agreement  Creating an appropriate rule for trade and capital flows need and cross- border movement of people  Apply the labour migration context in the policy on the development of the countries  GMS government must stand to benefit from an orderly and managed process.

The Future History and contemporary experience provide contrasting examples. Build a multi-latral framework that provides uniform and tranparent rules for cross-border movement of people and behave the interest of both migrants of origin an destination countries.

Ensuring the rights of migrants has been a recurrent cry in all GMS forums Migrant workers in GMS is cruicial problem ILO convention on migrant workers ASEAN Declaration on the protection and promotion of the right of migrant workers

Social Dimension of Migration in the GMS  MOU of GMS  One MOU for GMS  One regulation, one standard, one currency  GMS people - identify E-ID card