ERT 417/3 WASTE TREATMENT IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY SEM 1 (2009/2010) ‘Toxicology of Waste Material’ By; Mrs Hafiza Binti Shukor

ERT 417/3 WASTE TREATMENT IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY SEM 1 (2009/2010) Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as ; Animal Bacterium Plant TOXICITY ?

PHYSICAL -include things not usually thought of under the heading of "toxic" by many people -eg. direct blows, concussion, sound and vibration, heat and cold etc CHEMICAL -include inorganic substances such as lead, mercury, asbestos, hydrofluoric acid, and chlorine gas -also organic compounds such as methyl alcohol, most medications, and poisons from living things. BIOLOGICAL -include those bacteria and viruses that are able to induce disease in living organisms. -can be complicated to measure because the "threshold dose" may be a single organism. -Theoretically one virus, bacterium or worm can reproduce to cause a serious infection. ERT 417/3 WASTE TREATMENT IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY SEM 1 (2009/2010) TYPES OF TOXICITY

ERT 417/3 WASTE TREATMENT IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY SEM 1 (2009/2010) TOXICITY TEST Toxicity test are used to; Assess the suitability of environmental conditions for aquatic life Establish acceptable receiving water concentrations for conventional parameter such as DO, pH, temp. or turbidity. Study the effects of water quality parameters on wastewater toxicity. Determine the effectiveness of wastewater-treatment method. Assess the degree of wastewater treatment needed to meet water pollution control requirement. Determines compliance with federal & state water quality standard and water quality criteria. Establish permissible effluent discharge rate

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