SPECIAL SENSES: HEARING & EQUILIBRIUM

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SPECIAL SENSES: HEARING & EQUILIBRIUM MARTINI, FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 9TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 17 Exercise # 22

NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / QUIZZES. STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS 4/24/2017

Identifying the structures of the ear and describe their functions. OBJECTIVES Identifying the structures of the ear and describe their functions. 4/24/2017

EXTERNAL EAR MIDDLE EAR INNER, OR INTERNAL EAR 4/24/2017

EXTERNAL EAR Pinna or auricle- to capture the sound waves External auditory canal-to focus & direct the sound waves Ceruminous glands (lining the external auditory canal) f- to produce waxy material To avoid foreign matters to go inside Tympanic membrane- to transmit the sound waves 4/24/2017

4/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

MIDDLE EAR Ossicles (3 little bones)- malleus, incus & stapes F- to transmit the sound waves Pharyngotympanic or auditory or eustachian tube F- to equalize the pressure inside & outside the tympanic membrane 4/24/2017

4/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

4/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

INNER OR INTERNAL EAR The bony labyrinth -it has 3 parts- vestibule, semicircular canal & cochlea It surrounds the membranous labyrinth It contains the perilymph Perilymph (pink in model)-to transmit sound waves Membranous labyrinth (grey in model)- it Contains the endolymph Endolymph- to transmit sound waves 4/24/2017

4/24/2017

Vestibule- balance & equilibrium It contains the utricle & sacule Utricle & sacule- contain the macula F- sensations of gravity & linear acceleration Semicircular canals- sense of dynamic balance Ampulla- swollen area at the end of the Semicircular canal that contains the Crista Crista- contains sensory receptors for dynamic balance 4/24/2017

4/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

INNER EAR: COCHLEA It contains receptors for hearing It has 3 ducts or chambers vestibular duct (scala vestibuli)-pink in model Upper duct that contain perilymph Cochlear duct (scala media)-blue in model Middle duct that contains endolymph Tympanic duct (scala tympani)- green in model Lower duct that contains perilymph Oval window (at the base of the stapes)- F- to transmit sound to the inner ear Round window- it separates the perilymph of the cochlear duct from air spaces of the middle e F- it releases excess pressure

4/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

INNER EAR: THE ORGAN OF CORTI 3 membranes around the organ of corti Vestibular membrane (upper one)- to separate the cochlear duct from scala vestibuli Tectorial membrane (in the middle of the cochlear duct)- it stimulates hair cells Basilar membrane (bottom one)- to transmit the vibration to the hair cells Organ of corti- it contains the hair cells that produce the hearing signal 4/24/2017

4/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

4/24/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROMM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS. ROOM 3326. 4/24/2017

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