This Is

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Sand glued together with silica is this common Pennsylvania rock. Sand glued together with silica is this common Pennsylvania rock.

Rock formed from the shells of creatures such as brachiopods, trilobites, and mollusks. Rock formed from the shells of creatures such as brachiopods, trilobites, and mollusks.

Rock formed by small particles depositing on top of one another. Heat and pressure then transform the bottom layers of particles into rock. Rock formed by small particles depositing on top of one another. Heat and pressure then transform the bottom layers of particles into rock.

Time period during which most coal was formed. Time period during which most coal was formed.

The 4 types of coal The 4 types of coal

The first commercial production of coal occurred in 1761 at this location overlooking downtown Pittsburgh. The first commercial production of coal occurred in 1761 at this location overlooking downtown Pittsburgh.

The name given to youngsters who separated shale and other refuse from coal as it moved passed them on conveyor belts. The name given to youngsters who separated shale and other refuse from coal as it moved passed them on conveyor belts.

Before the invention of the safety lantern, these were often used to detect dangerous gasses. Before the invention of the safety lantern, these were often used to detect dangerous gasses.

Because coal had so many impurities, it had to be first turned into this before it could be used by the brewing industry or the iron industry. Because coal had so many impurities, it had to be first turned into this before it could be used by the brewing industry or the iron industry.

Created specifically for the production of coal and very tightly controlled. Colver, PA was a good example.

Pennsylvania’s current rank in coal production among coal producing states. Pennsylvania’s current rank in coal production among coal producing states.

The country where Marco Polo observed people using coal to heat their homes during the 13th century. The country where Marco Polo observed people using coal to heat their homes during the 13th century.

The soil and rock located above a coal seam that is removed during a strip mine operation. The soil and rock located above a coal seam that is removed during a strip mine operation.

In the traditional form of this mining process, only 50% of the coal is recovered. Later the recovery rate may increase to 80-85%. In the traditional form of this mining process, only 50% of the coal is recovered. Later the recovery rate may increase to 80-85%.

This act, passed in 1994, requires mining companies to pay for and remediate damages caused by longwall mining. This act, passed in 1994, requires mining companies to pay for and remediate damages caused by longwall mining.

Affecting over 2,500 stream miles, this is the largest polluter of Pennsylvania’s waterways. Affecting over 2,500 stream miles, this is the largest polluter of Pennsylvania’s waterways.

Mineral found in and around coal seams that, when exposed to air and water, produces acid and iron hydroxide. Mineral found in and around coal seams that, when exposed to air and water, produces acid and iron hydroxide.

Name given to iron precipitant often seen coating the bottom of streams and staining nearby rocks. Name given to iron precipitant often seen coating the bottom of streams and staining nearby rocks.

Metal associated with AMD that appears milky white in the water and is extremely toxic to plants and animals. Metal associated with AMD that appears milky white in the water and is extremely toxic to plants and animals.

Color often associated with the most acidic and potentially degrading AMD. Color often associated with the most acidic and potentially degrading AMD.

A relatively new alternative to active treatment, this method requires no electricity and takes advantage of natural materials and processes. A relatively new alternative to active treatment, this method requires no electricity and takes advantage of natural materials and processes.

This is raised as limestone dissolves and alkalinity is produced in an AMD treatment system. This is raised as limestone dissolves and alkalinity is produced in an AMD treatment system.

An aerobic treatment system used to facilitate metal precipitation and collection before treated AMD enters a stream. An aerobic treatment system used to facilitate metal precipitation and collection before treated AMD enters a stream.

An anaerobic treatment system consisting of buried cells of limestoneAn anaerobic treatment system consisting of buried cells of limestone. An anaerobic treatment system consisting of buried cells of limestone

Organisms large enough to see with the unaided eye but lacking a backbone. Their presence may indicate improved water quality Organisms large enough to see with the unaided eye but lacking a backbone. Their presence may indicate improved water quality

Daily Double! Daily Double!

Daily Double! Daily Double!

FINAL JEOPARDY FINAL JEOPARDY

Pennsylvania Milestones Pennsylvania Milestones

The year Pennsylvania extracted more coal than any other state ever has.