(File:John Cotton Dana.jpg from Wikipedia, 2009)

 John Cotton Dana was an American Librarian and museum director in Woodstock, Vermont.  He was a lawyer and a civil engineer before joining the staff of the Denver Public Library in  In 1902 Dana became head of the Newark New Jersey Public Library.  In 1909 the Newark Museum was founded with Dana as its director until  Dana was one of the founders of the special Libraries Association and its first president.  He was president of the American Library Association from  Dana also had many publications such as A Library Primer (1899) and The New Museum (1977).  (“John Cotton Dana”, 2008)

“Who dares to teach must never cease to learn” (John Cotton Dana. n.d.). (Microsoft Clip Art, First Party)

 John wanted the patron’s of the Denver Public Library to browse for themselves instead of having a librarian monitoring their every request.  He wanted to update libraries into the 20 th Century by making them vibrant community centers instead of collections that only appealed to a small segment of the community.  He was personally opposed to the concept of story time, preferring for his children’s library to focus on the continuing education of school teachers.  (“John Cotton Dana”, 2008)

 Dana traveled many places and ended back in Colorado to do more surveying and construction work.  Because of the reputation he cultivated as a learned man and his connections, Dana was nominated as the director of the Denver Public Library in  In 1895, Dana left the Colorado Library when the city began discussing lowering his salary.  Dana also drew criticism for circulating “gold bug” literature at the library.  (John Cotton Dana, n.d)

(A Library Primer, 2008)(The Newark Public Library, 2006)

(Panizzi, Sir Anthony, Photograph)

 Sir Anthony Panizzi was an English Librarian, born in Brescello, Italy.  He first established himself at Lugano, where he published an anonymous and now excessively rare pamphlet, generally known as I Process di Rubiera, an exposure of the monstrous injustice and illegalities of the government’s proceedings against suspected persons.  Sir Anthony Panizzi was expelled from Switzerland after his publication of Duchy of Modena. He was indicted, tried, and condemned to death.  In May 1823, Panizzi moved to England becoming a British subject in  Panizzi held a string of posts there: first Assistant Librarian ( ), then Keeper of Printed Books ( ) and finally Chief Librarian ( ).  Continued….

 For his extraordinary services as a librarian, in 1869 he was knighted by Queen Victoria.  While at the library, Panizzi undertook the creation of a new catalogue, based on the “Ninety-One Cataloguing Rules” (1841) which he devised with his assistants. These rules served as the basis for all subsequent catalogue rules of the 19 th and 20 th centuries, and are at the origins of the ISBD and of digital cataloguing elements.  He was also influential in enforcing the Copyright Act of 1842, which required British publishers to deposit with the library a copy of every book printed in Britain.  (Sir Anthony Panizzi, 2011)

 The British Museum library, which was, in fact, the national library of the United Kingdom in all but name, during Panizzi’s tenure as Keeper of Printed Books, increased it holdings tremendously, making it at the time the largest library in the world.  Since 1985, British Library hosts an annual series of bibliography lectures, called the Panizzi lectures, established in his honor.  Panizzi also prepared editions of Matteo Maria Boiardo’s Orlando Innamorato and Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso, reviving interest in some of the best of Italian narrative poets.  (Panizzi, Antonio, 2008)

1. A Library Primer, Open Library Internet Archive, Retrieved October 22, 2011 from F;_ylu=X3oDMTBlMTQ4cGxyBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1n?back=http. F;_ylu=X3oDMTBlMTQ4cGxyBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1n?back=http 2. File:John Cotton Dana 01.jpg, United States Library of Congress Prints and Photographs, (2009). Retrieved October 22,2011 from 3. John Cotton Dana. (2008). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Retrieved October 16,2011 from 4. John Cotton Dana. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 16,2011 from Panizzi, Sir Anthony.[Photograph]. In Encyclopedia Britanica. Retrieved from of-an-oil-painting by George. of-an-oil-painting 6. Panizzi, Antonio. (2008). New World Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 20, 2011 from 7. Sir Anthony Panizzi.(2011). Soylent Communications. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from NNDB Tracking the Entire World The Newark Public Library, Wikipedia. Retrieved October 22, 2011 from F;_ylu=X3oDMTBlMTQ4cGxyBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1n?back=http. F;_ylu=X3oDMTBlMTQ4cGxyBHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1n?back=http