UNIT 1 NOTES Chapter 13 – Expansion of American Industry Chapter 15 –Politics, Immigration, & Urban Life

America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 15 Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life (1870–1915)

America: Pathways to the Present Section 1: Politics in the Gilded Age Section 2: People on the Move Section 3: The Challenge of the Cities Section 4: Ideas for Reform Chapter 15: Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life (1870–1915)

Presidents of the United States  George Washington; Federalist (1788)  John Adams; Federalist (1796)  Thomas Jefferson (1800)  James Madison (1808)  James Monroe (1816)  John Quincy Adams (1824)  Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)  Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)  William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)  John Tyler; Whig (1841) #21 - …  Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)  Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)  Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)  Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)  William McKinley; Republican (1896)  Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) #  James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)  Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)  Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)  Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)  James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)  Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)  Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)  Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)  Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)  James Garfield; Republican (1880)

OBJECTIVES

Chapter 15 SECTION 2 People on the Move WHAT WERE THE EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANTS IN THE LATE 1800S AND EARLY 1900S?

NATIVISMNATIVISM

Reasons for Immigration  Reasons for Immigrations  Immigrants came to the United States fleeing crop failures, shortages of land and jobs, rising taxes, famine, and religious and political persecution.  In the 1880s in Russia many Jewish people fled a wave of pogroms, or violent massacres of Jews.  Steam-powered ships could cross the Atlantic Ocean in two or three weeks.  Between 1865 and 1890 about 10 million immigrants arrived. Most came from northwestern and central Europe. (Germany, Great Britain, & Ireland).  1890s immigrants came from other Southern/Eastern Europe: Italy, Greece, Russia  More than 70 percent of all immigrants came through New York City which was called the “Golden Door.”

The Immigrant Experience  Urban neighborhoods dominated by one ethnic group of immigrants were called ghettos. Some ghettos formed because immigrants felt comfortable living near people with same language/traditions. Other ghettos formed due to restrictive covenants, when homeowners agreed not to sell real estate to certain groups. Still other ghettos formed when ethnic groups isolated themselves because of threats of violence. HESTER STREET – NY JEWISH GHETTO

 Which one of these describes progroms? a. The large open area beneath a ship’s deck b. Famines in western Europe c. 1880s violent massacres of Jews in Russia d. Mafia groups in central Europe that overthrew governments  The goal of nativists was to a. Repeal laws that restricted immigration. b. Help immigrants adjust to American culture. c. Build tenement apartments for immigrants. d. Restrict immigration

 Which one of these describes pogroms? a. The large open area beneath a ship’s deck b. Famines in western Europe c. 1880s violent massacres of Jews in Russia d. Mafia groups in central Europe that overthrew governments  The goal of nativists was to a. Repeal laws that restricted immigration. b. Help immigrants adjust to American culture. c. Build tenement apartments for immigrants. d. Restrict immigration