3.052 Nanomechanics of Materials and Biomaterials Prof. Christine Ortiz DMSE, RM Phone : (617) WWW : LECTURE # 1 : INTRODUCTION TO NANOMECHANICS

Basics of Nanotechnology Readings : 1. "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," Richard P. Feynman's Classic Nanotechnology Talk (1959, APS-Caltech); 2. “Engines of Creation : The Coming Era of Nanotechnology,” K. Eric. Drexler, Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1986 (Chapter 1) Specific Definition : “Molecular Manufacturing” Broad Definition : Electron-microscope image of the world's smallest guitar, based roughly on the design for the Fender Stratocaster, a popular electric guitar. Its length is 10 millionths of a meter-- approximately the size of a red blood cell and about 1/20th the width of a single human hair. Its strings have a width of about 50 billionths of a meter (the size of approximately 100 atoms). Plucking the tiny strings would produce a high-pitched sound at the inaudible frequency of approximately 10 megahertz. Made by Cornell researchers with a single silicon crystal, this tiny guitar is a playful example of nanotechnology, in which scientists are building machines and structures on the scale of billionths of a meter to perform useful technological functions and study processes at the submicroscopic level. ( Dustin W. Carr and Harold G. Craighead, Cornell.) “Nanostructure”

Nanostructured Materials (* Bone Self-Assembling Monolayer Nanoporous Alumina Membrane

Nanostructured Materials “Bottom-Up Manufacturing”“Top-Down Manufacturing”

What is Nanomechanics ?

Summary of Length Scales (m) Biological Sciences Materials Sciences atomic radii covalent bond  0.1 nm width of DNA, small globular proteins  2 nm hemoglobin  6.6 nm bacteria, internal organelles  1  m cell  50  m height of a human being  1m length of a blue whale height of Mt. Everest  8848 m diameter of the earth size of of a bee atomic nucleus proton, neutron virus radius of AFM probe tip size of C 60 molecule, diameter of carbon nanotube, suprmolecular chemistry, colloidal particles, nanolithography microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS), micro-contact printing, integrated circuit transistor length of a Boeing 767 airplane height of NYC World Trade Center quark traditional man-made materials and structures length of the Great Wall of China size of the universe   electron crystal grains smallest observable feature of human eye, thickness of human hair integrated circuit chip grain of sand

WHY STUDY NANOMECHANICS ? THREE EXAMPLES FROM BIOLOGY

Inflammatory Response : Cell Rolling and Adhesion

Muscle Elasticity (*MARSZALEK, et. al Nature 402, (1999)) (*Cell and Molecular Biology, G. Karp) SARCOMERE TITIN Actin TITIN Myosin Nebulin

Packing the Genome DNA simulation (*FEBS Lett. 371: )

Packing the Genome

WHY STUDY NANOMECHANICS ? THREE EXAMPLES FROM MATERIALS SCIENCE

Performance of Computer Hard Disks

Computer Head-Disk Interface 2 mm slider head flexure suspension arm flying height  nm read / write element hard disk recording head surface roughness  nm

Properties of Colloids Silica sphere glued to an AFM-probe tip (*

Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of Materials Non-Linear, Entropic Elasticity of Polymer Networks  Rubber Elasticity F r F chain F   F F More Disorder Less Disorder Entropy - a natural law that expresses the driving force towards disorder random coil

A Typical High-Resolution Force Spectroscopy Technique : General Components sensor output  sample high-resolution force transducer displacement detection system high-resolution displacement control computer controls system performs data acquisition, display, and analysis z prob e