课标人教实验版 高二 Module 5 Unit 1

Extensive Reading

Match the people with their achievement Da Vinci Don Quixote Galileo Hamlet Cervantes Free Fall Experiment Shakespeare Mona Lisa

Copernicus

哥白尼 (Nicolaus Copernicus, ), 波兰天文学家、日心说创立者, 近代天文学的奠基人。 哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研 究, 创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体 系 —— 日心说, 从此否定了在西方统 治达一千多年的地心说。

日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后, 才为人们 所接受, 这是天文学上一次伟大的革命, 不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新, 而 且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神 学的理论支柱。 “ 从此自然科学便开始 从神学中解放出来 ”,“ 科学的发展从此 便大踏步前进 ” （恩格斯《自然辩证 法》）。

哥白尼著有阐述日心说的《天体运行论》 (1543 年出版 ), 由于受到时代的局限, 在日 心说中保留了所谓 “ 完美的 ” 圆形轨道等 论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律, 牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行 差、视差相继发现, 日心说遂建立在更加 稳固的科学基础上。开普勒 牛顿

We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory. Pre-reading

Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory

Birth: February 19, 1473 Death: May 24, 1543 Place of Birth: Toruń, Poland Career: Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy 1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna Nicolas Copernicus

1497 Began observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets 1514 Wrote Commentariolus, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate it widely 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial)

1. At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries. T Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false.

3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. 4. His friends were not interested in his ideas. T F 2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth. F

5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. 6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. F T

Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe. Before Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory A diagram showing the solar system with the Earth at its centrethe Earth A diagram showing the solar system with the Sun at its centre the Sun

Analyze the following picture carefully and try to explain how a loop is formed.

Dear Nicolaus Copernicus, I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons. Sample writing (P7)

I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.

I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.

I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show whether your ideas are right or wrong. So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory. Yours sincerely, (your name)

1).Mao Zedong is the great leader of the Chinese R_________. evolution Language points 1. Fill in the blankets with proper words. 2). The Invention of the computer caused a r________ in our way of living. evolution

3). Sun Zhongsan is a great r___________ leader. 4).Yuan Longping created a r___________ new way of growing rice. evolutionary

2. lead to: to result in 导致 Your carelessness will lead to the trouble in the future. cigarette death accident loss mistake resign scandal fire lead to

1). to have a clear meaning No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn't make sense. It makes sense to take care of your health. 2). to be wise course of action 3. make sense

4. complete; compete a. They found themselves __________ with foreign companies for a share of the market. b. The building took two and a half years to ________. competing complete

5. spin spun spin a top a spinning coin a spinning wheel spun spinning

We span the coin to see who would have first turn. I spun around to see who had spoken.

6. enthusiastic: be interested in She’s very singing____________ __________ We explain our plan, and he is very___________. enthusiastic about/over enthusiastic

enthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically She shows boundless __________ for the work. She greeted him _____________ with a kiss. She is very __________ about Eastern music. enthusiasm enthusiastically enthusiastic

7. cautious: careful to avoid risk be cautious about/of sb./sth. cautiously

The guard warned me to be cautious about strangers. The bank is very cautious about lending money. My father is a very cautious driver. 银行在贷款方面十分慎重。 警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。 我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。

cautious; curious a. I’ve always been very _______ about giving my address to strangers. b. He is very _______ about the origin of mankind. cautious curious

8. If you don’t like Tom, you may r_____ his gift. If you don’t think the suggestion is suitable for you, you may r____ it. eject

reject an offer a possibility a theory refuse to accept rejected candidate applicant

请选用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。 Tom dreamed of joining the army when he was very young. He was very _______ and made a plan to study hard. He was __________ about the plan. But when he was about 16, he got a bad illness. Because of this, he was ________ in his studies and also he was _______ by the army. backward; complete; enthusiastic; cautious; reject cautious enthusiastic backward rejected

He was so sad that he almost fainted at the news. His parents suggested to him that he have other choices. Then he followed his parents’ advice and decided to go to the west to help those poor students after he__________ his studies in the college. backward; complete; enthusiastic; cautious; reject completed

用适当的介词填空。 1. The quarrel led __ the fighting between the two villagers. 2. He is always positive _____ trying new ideas. 3. His father is very strict ____ him and strict __ his studies too. to about with in

4. We should base our theory __ fact. 5. The photo calls up the memory of his childhood __ times. 6. According to my point __ view, we should stick to our plan. on at of

Reading task on P44

What’s Euler’s puzzle? Koningsberg is an island and there is a river breaking it into two parts. “Seven Bridges of Konigsberg” and the famous “Euler path”.

People wondered if they could walk around the city by crossing the seven bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself, but Euler found he couldn’t cross all the seven ones. This is Euler’s puzzle.

The first stage in his research is to find the problem that he could cross six of the bridges without going over any of them twice or going back on himself, but he couldn’t cross all seven. How did Euler prepare for his research?

The second stage is to think of a method: He drew a map and used dots and lines to simplify his analysis. Trying and observing over and over again, he found a general rule.

It is topology. Euler’s theory is called “The Euler path”, which is expressed like this: If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice. What are the theories?

So the general rule that Euler found is the even points and the odd points.

Look at the following pictures:

Conclusion Euler’s theory ( 一笔画 ) 可以一笔画只有两种情况： 1. 没有奇数顶点。 2. 只有两个奇数顶点。 如对此问题有兴趣的同学可登录：