5 Themes of Geography SH24-SH29 World History Mr. James

Objectives 1. To understand the five themes of Geography 2. Know the difference between absolute and relative location 3. Introduce different types of maps and projections

Cartography Cartography Cartography Maps v. Globes Maps v. Globes –Problems with maps? –Different types of maps? –Winkel Tripel map is the standard (NG 1998)

Location Absolute Location Exactly where something is found on a map Exactly where something is found on a map Latitude Latitude –Measures North and South of Equator –Equator (0 degrees) Longitude Longitude –Measures East and West of Prime Meridian –Prime Meridian (0 degrees) Relative Location Where something is located in relationship to something that is more well known. Where something is located in relationship to something that is more well known. Depends on a persons knowledge of an area Depends on a persons knowledge of an area Loyola Blakefield Loyola Blakefield –Towson –Baltimore Where in the world a certain place is found; Absolute and Relative

Latitude vs. Longitude Latitude Latitude Longitude Longitude

Types of Projections Equal Area Equal Area The sizes of landmasses are accurate and relative to one another. The sizes of landmasses are accurate and relative to one another. Mercator Mercator Greatest distortion is at the far northern and southern latitudes Greatest distortion is at the far northern and southern latitudes Robinson Robinson Entire top edge of map is the North Pole. Entire top edge of map is the North Pole. Entire bottom edge of map is the South Pole. Entire bottom edge of map is the South Pole.

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION How do humans and the environment affect each other? How do humans and the environment affect each other? –We depend on it.  People depend on the Chesapeake Bay for water, food, and transportation. –We modify it.  People modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort. –We adapt to it.  We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.

Examples of H.E.I.

Region A large area that has common characteristics A large area that has common characteristics Physical Physical –Landforms –Climate Cultural Cultural –Religion –Language/accents

Place What an area looks like in physical and human terms What an area looks like in physical and human terms –One particular area Physical Physical –Landforms –Soil –Climate Human Human –Cultural –Languages, customs, etc.. Region = Large Region = Large Place = Small Place = Small

Movement The transfer of peoples, goods, and ideas from one place to another. The transfer of peoples, goods, and ideas from one place to another. –Human movement (trucks, trains, planes) –Information Movement (phones, , mail) Cultural Diffusion Cultural Diffusion –Items from one culture are used by another culture What causes Cultural Diffusion? What causes Cultural Diffusion? –Trade –Migration –Conquest –Religion

Exercises: n, 100 w n, 100 e n, 20 e n, 160 e s, 60 w s, 50 e What are Relative locations of the following areas? What are Relative locations of the following areas? 1. Baltimore 2. Wheeler Hall 3. Johns Hopkins University 4. Towson Mall 5. Loyola Blakefield

Ancient Empire Major Characteristics of Early Civilization: Major Characteristics of Early Civilization: Geographical: Geographical: –Rivers, Natural Defenses. Why? Examples? Political: Political: –Dictatorships, city-states, few governing many, family lineages and warfare. Ex? Religious: Religious: –Polytheistic, worshiped nature-based gods, tied to ruling classes. Ex? Societal: Societal: –Male dominated, hierarchical, agricultural, slave use. Ex? Warfare: Warfare: –Differed, conquest-based, scientific breakthroughs. Ex?