Learning outcomes:  Define that nature of management and organizations  State management’s importance, history, environment.  Underline management’s functions

 Management: The planning, organizing, leading and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.

 Manager › Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.

 Based on your opinion, why are managers important?

 Term describing the management level of a company employee directly above non- managerial workers. First line managers generally supervise production on line tasks in the manufacturing business, and typically consist of positions such as section head and shift boss. First line managers are an important source of information about worker satisfaction for higher management to take into account in their organizational planning process.

 An employee of an organization or business who manages a t least one subordinate level of managers, and reports to a higher level of managers within the organization. The duties of a middle manager typically include carrying out the strategic directives of upper-level managers at the operational level, supervising subordinate managers and employees to ensure smooth functioning of the enterprise.

 The highest ranking executives (with titles such as chairman/chairwoman, chief executive officer, managing director, president, executive directors, executive vice-presidents, etc.) responsible for the entire enterprise.  Top management translates the policy (formulated by the board-of-directors) into goals, objectives, and strategies, and projects a shared-vision of the future. It makes decisions that affect everyone in the organization, and is held entirely responsible for the success or failure of the enterprise.

 Ambition, energy, great commitment, self-motivation  Job, product and service knowledge  Drive and Enthusiasm  Creativity and Imagination  A thirst for knowledge  A commitment to improvement

 A commitment to continuous development, both personal and professional.  The ability to grow and broaden the outlook and vision of the organization concerned.  A positive and dynamic attitude, self- discipline, empathy with the sraff.

 A love of the organization and pride and enthusiasm in the job, its people, its products, its services, its customers and its clients.

 A manager’s goal is to achieve high performance in an organization through efficiency and effectiveness.  Efficiency: A measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve a goal.  Effectiveness: A measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and of the degree to which the organization achieves those goals.

Where Managers work! Definition : Collections of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety of goals, or desired future outcomes.

 Encourages Initiative: Initiative means to do the right thing at the right time without being told or influenced by the superior. The employees should be encouraged to make their own plans and also to implement these plans. Initiative gives satisfaction to employees and success to organization.

 Encourages Innovation: Management also encourages innovation in the organization. Innovation brings new ideas, new technology, new methods, new products, new services, etc. This makes the organization more competitive and efficient.

 Facilitates Growth and Expansion: Management makes optimum utilisation of available resources. It reduces wastage and increase efficiency. It encourages team work and motivates employees. It also reduces absenteeism and labour turnover. All this results in growth, expansion and diversification of the organisation.

 Improves life of workers: Management shares some of its profits with the workers. It provides the workers with good working environment and conditions. It also gives the workers many financial and non- financial incentives. All this improves the quality of life of the workers.

 Improves corporate image: If the management is good, then the organisation will produce good quality goods and services. This will improve the goodwill and corporate image of the organisation. A good corporate image brings many added benefits to the organisation.

 Motivates employees: Management motivates employees by providing financial and non-financial incentives. These incentives increase the willingness and efficiency of the employees. This results in boosting productivity and profitability of the organisation.

 Optimum use of resources: Management brings together the available resources. It makes optimum (best) use of these resources. This brings best results to the organisation.  Reduces wastage: Management reduces the wastage of human, material and financial resources. Wastage is reduced by proper production planning and control. If wastage is reduced then productivity will increase.

 Increases efficiency: Efficiency is the relationship between returns and cost. Management uses many techniques to increase returns and to reduce costs. Higher efficiency brings many benefits to the organisation.

 Improves Relations: Management improves relations between individuals, groups, departments and between levels of management. Better relations lead to better team work. Better team work brings success to the organisation.

 Reduces absenteeism and labor turnover: Labour absenteeism and turnover increases the cost and causes many problems in the smooth functioning of the organisation. Management uses different techniques to reduce absenteeism and labour turnover in the organisation.

 Encourages Team-Work: Management encourages employees to work as a team. It develops a team spirit in the organisation. This unity bring success to the organisation.

 The set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization’s boundaries but affect a manager’s ability to acquire and utilize resources.

Management Functions PlanningOrganizingControlingLeading

 Planning: Identifying and selecting appropriate goals. The outcome of planning is strategy, meaning a cluster of decisions about what goals to pursue, what actions to take, and how to use resources to achieve goals.

 Organizing: Structuring working relationships in a way that allows organizational members to work together to achieve organizational goals. The outcome of organizing is the creation of organizational structure, meaning a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so that they work together to achieve organizational goals.

 Leading: Articulating a clear vision and energizing and enabling organizational members so that they understand the part they play in achieving organizational goals.

 Controlling: Evaluating how well an organization is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance. The outcome of the control process is the ability to measure performance accurately and regulate organizational efficiency and effectiveness.