中央大學。范錚強 1 Chapter 5: Innovative EC Systems: From E-Government to E-Learning, Collaborative Commerce, and C2C Commerce 國立中央大學、資訊管理系 范錚強 Tel: (03)

中央大學。范錚強 2 eGovernment Turban 書： E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens. 書上定義比較狹隘 電子化政府牽涉到的是政府和企業、個人的電 子化互動 稅務（公司稅、個人所得稅、營業稅等） 申報（環境、金融等）

中央大學。范錚強 3 Government-to-Citizens (G2C) E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens Electronic Voting Electronic Benefits Transfer 年金、保險、福利 稅務（所得稅、營業稅等）

中央大學。范錚強 4 Government-to-Business (G2B) E-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to the government). Government E-Procurement Group Purchasing Forward E-Auctions 工廠環境申報 稅務申報

中央大學。范錚強 5 E-Government （其他） Government-to-Government (G2G) E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments Government-to-Employees (G2E) E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness (IEE) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 5-5

中央大學。范錚強 6 電子化政府的深度 資訊公開（法令、政策、流程等） 例如：如何對獎、發票如何歸戶 資訊檢索 線上服務業務申辦 例如：主動通知發票得獎、申請更新駕照、 網路報稅 公民參與 意見反映 （意見信箱）、投票等

中央大學。范錚強 7 台灣政府的電子化 內政體系 戶政、役政、地政、入出境等 財政體系 報關、稅捐稽徵（所得稅、營業稅、發票等）、證券交易 稅 交通體系 車輛監理、駕駛人 環保體系 空污水污申報等 衛生體系 健保（對病患、對醫療單位）

中央大學。范錚強 8 e-Learning The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management.

中央大學。范錚強 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

中央大學。范錚強 10 相關概念 Distance learning Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources. Virtual university An online university from which students take classes from home or other offsite locations, usually via the Internet.

中央大學。范錚強 11 Innovations in E-Learning Social learning Learning, training, and knowledge sharing in social networks and by using social software tools for learning Learning on-demand Learning provided to an employee while the work is being done (in terms of troubleshooting or performance support) In a learning on-demand environment, courses, references, help files, documents, Webcasts, audios, videos, books, and presentations are all made available when and where a worker needs them Electronic book (e-book) A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device

中央大學。范錚強 12 Benefits of e-Learning Time reduction Large volume and diversity Cost reduction Higher content retention Flexibility Updated and consistent material Fear-free environment

中央大學。范錚強 13 Drawbacks of e-Learning Need for instructor retraining Equipment needs and support services Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life Assessment Maintenance and updating Protection of intellectual property Computer literacy Student retention

中央大學。范錚強 14 e-Book A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device. e-books can be delivered and read via Web access Web download A dedicated reader A general-purpose reader A Web server

中央大學。范錚強 15 Devices for Reading e-Books Amazon’s Kindle 2 The Sony PRS-200 Barnes and Noble’s Nook iPad Android Pad’s Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6-15

中央大學。范錚強 16 Advantages of E-Books Lower cost Portability Easy search capabilities and links Easy downloading Ability to quickly and inexpensively copy material Easy integration of content with other text Easy updating No wear and tear on a physical book Ability to find out-of-print books Books can be published and updated quickly so they can be kept current

中央大學。范錚強 17 Limitations of e-Books They require hardware and software that may be too expensive for some readers Some people have difficulty reading large amounts of material on a screen Batteries may run down There are multiple competing standards ePub, pdb, pdf, …

中央大學。范錚強 18 Collaborative Commerce Collaborative commerce (c-commerce) The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applications Collaboration hub (c-hub) The central point of control for an e-market; a single c-hub, representing one e-market owner, can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use c-enablers to exchange data with the c-hub Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 5-18

中央大學。范錚強 19 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

中央大學。范錚強 20 Collaborative Commerce vendor-managed inventory (VMI) A system in which retailers make their suppliers fully responsible for determining when to order and possibly how much to order Retailer-Supplier Collaboration CPFR: Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 5-20

中央大學。范錚強 21 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

中央大學。范錚強 22 Collaborative Commerce 協同商務好處 Reducing Transportation and Inventory Costs Reduction of Design Cycle Time Reduction of Product Development Time Elimination of Channel Conflict: Collaboration with Dealers and Retailers 第 11 章補充 CPFR Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 5-22

中央大學。范錚強 23 Consumer-to-Consumer Electronic Commerce Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) EC E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 5-23

中央大學。范錚強 24 e-Commerce: C2C Applications C2C Auctions eBay Classified Ads Craiglist Personal Services Napster and Others—File-Sharing Utilities C2C Activities in Social Networks and Trading Virtual Properties