Terresolve Technologies 9609 Jackson Street, Mentor, Oh, Jackson Street, Mentor, Oh, Terresolve Biodegradable Products High Performance Environmentally Safe

Environmental Products Have Been Used In a Wide Range Of Applications

Infrastructure Applications 3 Marine – Tugs - Barges Offshore Drilling Dredging Pile Driving – Cutting - Repair Dewatering Lift Trucks - Vertical Concrete Breaking – Cutting Cranes

Dredging Applications 4 Hydraulics Grease Wire Rope Winches Cranes Port Equipment Pumping

Only recently have bio lubes been able to withstand the tortures and extremes of modern vessels 5 Long Term Durability Testing Wet and Dry Testing Frequent Retest Requirements Products Disapproved Component Review

What are Environmentally Safe Fluids? Readily Biodegradable? Inherently Biodegradable? Environmentally Friendly? Synthetic? Food Grade? Clean? Glycol? Ester? Vegetable?Sheen?

Two Tests: Primary Vs. Ultimate Biodegradation Biodegradation Reaction: Lubricant CH+ O 2 + Bugs CO 2 + H 2 O + More Bugs (Biomass) Primary BiodegradationUltimate Biodegradation CEC L-33- A 93OECD 301, ASTM D 5864, ASTM D7373 > 80% >60%

Types of Biodegradability Readily Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids Break Down Over 80% in 21 Days – 60% in 28 Days Inherently Biodegradable Products Break Down… Someday … after fines, cleanup, downtime and environmental destruction!

Environmentally Preferable

Hydraulic systems(ISO 6743/4)H Automatic transmissionsHA EnvironmentalHE Fire resistant fluidsHF Oil in water emulsions (soluble oils)HFAE Chemical solutions in waterHFAS Water in oil emulsions (invert emulsions)HFB Water polymer solutions (water glycol)HFC Synthetic fluids containing no waterHFD Phosphate esterHFDR Chlorinated hydrocarbonsHFDS Mixtures of HFDR and HFDS fluidsHFDT Other compositionsHFDU Hydraulic-slide wayHG Refined mineral oilHH R&OHL AntiwearHM Couplers & convertersHN High VI R&OHR High VI AW HV Synthetic w/o fire resistHS

None Inherently NOT BIOGRADABLE HETGVegetable HEPGPAG HEESESTER HEPRPAO and related product

Inherently Biodegradable Not Truly Biodegradable Expensive for petroleum

Conventional Vegetable Fluids HETG Oxidative Weakness Temperature limitations Life expectancy Hydrolytic Weakness Care must be taken

Polyglycol Synthetic (PAG) Fire Resistant Specifically Designed System Not Compatible with Petroleum or Vegetable

Synthetic Esters (HEES) Hydrolytic Unstable –“unzips” with water Acid formation Seal Deterioration

Ester Chemistry Vegetable Oil + Alcohol + Acid Synthetic Ester + Water + Heat

Bio-polyolefin Synthetic (HEPR) Durable Low Cost/Long Fluid Life Separates From Water Good Seal Compatibility Broad Temperature Range

Application ClassTypical Performance Seal & Hose Compatibility Water Tolerance LimitationsApplication HETG EL 100 VariesMixedMedium Water, HeatLight Duty, Short change out, low temperature. HEPG EL FR 46 WeakVery PoorMiscible Incompatible with many seal materials. Absorbs moisture. Prices vary Fire hazard, especially designed system HEES EL 2000 MixedVery PoorVery Weak Hydrolyzes in water. Creates acids. Expensive. If dry, high performance. HEPR EL 3000 EL 200 Excellent ExpensiveHeavy duty, chance of contamination

Conclusions Making the determination to change to bio lubricants one should consider many factors A bio oil can be more expensive initially but can save money in the long term Bio oils have been proven in the field and can perform as well as petroleum

Terresolve Contact Mark Miller Terresolve Technologies 9609 Jackson Street Mentor, Ohio USA (201) (24/7 cell)