1. Waste Grease to Bio-fuel Neva J. Thompson

2. Bio-fuel is environmentally friendly It has fewer emissions, is biodegradable and is a renewable source

3. PROS OF USING BIO-FUEL Using as small amount as 20% Bio-Diesel can reduce carbon dioxide by 15% Using as small amount as 20% Bio-Diesel can reduce carbon dioxide by 15% If Spilled, it causes less damage as it is biodegradable and non-toxic If Spilled, it causes less damage as it is biodegradable and non-toxic Has a high flash point of higher than 150° C where diesel has a flash point of 52° C making it easier to handle, store and to transport Has a high flash point of higher than 150° C where diesel has a flash point of 52° C making it easier to handle, store and to transport

4. More Pros Biodiesel adds to an engines movement, and acts as a solvent to loosen up deposits from the inside of an engine and adds none of its own. Biodiesel adds to an engines movement, and acts as a solvent to loosen up deposits from the inside of an engine and adds none of its own. It is 10 times less toxic that table salt. It is 10 times less toxic that table salt.

5. Cons to Bio-Fuel The emissions of Bio-diesel are higher in Nitrogen Oxide which causes smog. The emissions of Bio-diesel are higher in Nitrogen Oxide which causes smog. Bio-diesel being a solvent can cause some clogging problems in older engines. Bio-diesel being a solvent can cause some clogging problems in older engines. It also breaks down rubber parts such as fuel filters and fuel pump seals It also breaks down rubber parts such as fuel filters and fuel pump seals

6. More Cons There can be a slight decrease in fuel economy and about a 10% decrease in power. There can be a slight decrease in fuel economy and about a 10% decrease in power. The cost is higher, B100 is from $1.95 to $3.00 a gallon higher The cost is higher, B100 is from $1.95 to $3.00 a gallon higher It is not readily available in most states. It is not readily available in most states.

7. Making Your Fuel at Home It is not recommended that you make your bio-diesel at home It is not recommended that you make your bio-diesel at home There are many websites that can guide you through the process There are many websites that can guide you through the process It can be complicated and if not done correctly, very costly in engine repairs It can be complicated and if not done correctly, very costly in engine repairs

8. Ingredients Around 15 quarts of waste vegetable oil (WVO) -- used cooking oil, fryer grease, animal fats, lard Around 15 quarts of waste vegetable oil (WVO) -- used cooking oil, fryer grease, animal fats, lard Methanol (CH3OH) -- 99%+ pure Methanol (CH3OH) -- 99%+ pure Sodium hydroxide (NaOH -- caustic soda, lye) -- Found in drain Cleaner) must be dry Sodium hydroxide (NaOH -- caustic soda, lye) -- Found in drain Cleaner) must be dry

9. Procedure for Day 1 Filter out any food scraps or other solids Filter out any food scraps or other solids If needed, heat to evaporate water from oil, it is recommended on keeping the batches small and everything in one place. Do not over heat or burn the oil. If needed, heat to evaporate water from oil, it is recommended on keeping the batches small and everything in one place. Do not over heat or burn the oil.

10. Methanol Methanol is very corrosive, flammable and dangerous; it does not have to be ingested but can be absorbed by the skin so wear protective equipment and a respirator. Methanol is very corrosive, flammable and dangerous; it does not have to be ingested but can be absorbed by the skin so wear protective equipment and a respirator. Use only equipment rated for this use Use only equipment rated for this use

11. Mixing Methanol and Lye Use true measurements to measure the lye, just a few grains more or less can make the difference in you bio-diesel Use true measurements to measure the lye, just a few grains more or less can make the difference in you bio-diesel Mix about 3 quarts of methanol and about 3 quarts of lye in a large can using a drill with a large bit on it. Mix about 3 quarts of methanol and about 3 quarts of lye in a large can using a drill with a large bit on it. The liquid will get warm when the wanted chemical reaction occurs. The liquid will get warm when the wanted chemical reaction occurs.

12. There is no need for Expensive equipment, Homemade will work Well.

13. Mixing the Oil and Sodium Meth-oxide Pour the cleaned oil into a clean 5 gallon bucket and mix in ½ of the sodium meth- oxide. Pour the cleaned oil into a clean 5 gallon bucket and mix in ½ of the sodium meth- oxide. Only mixing in ½ at a time allows the remaining mixture to melt any remaining lye crystals. Only mixing in ½ at a time allows the remaining mixture to melt any remaining lye crystals. There should be a bubbling and swirling reaction when all is added and mixed. There should be a bubbling and swirling reaction when all is added and mixed.

14. Notice the rich color and The method used to mix The oil and Sodium Meth-oxide

15. Glycerin Mixing causes the contents to start getting thick, this is the glycerin breaking out. Mixing causes the contents to start getting thick, this is the glycerin breaking out. Mix for 30 minutes and allow to stand overnight for the glycerin to completely settle out. Mix for 30 minutes and allow to stand overnight for the glycerin to completely settle out. The next day the glycerin should be at the bottom of the bucket and a dark color. The next day the glycerin should be at the bottom of the bucket and a dark color.

16. Filtering Use a commercial grade restaurant filtering bags in the 5- 10 micron range to catch any debris Use a commercial grade restaurant filtering bags in the 5- 10 micron range to catch any debris Do not avoid this step, the fuel may look clear but do not take the chance Do not avoid this step, the fuel may look clear but do not take the chance

17. Washing the Fuel Some people “wash” the fuel but adding equal amounts of water and allow the water to settle out carrying the un- dissolved chemicals with it. Drain off the bio-diesel fuel. Some people “wash” the fuel but adding equal amounts of water and allow the water to settle out carrying the un- dissolved chemicals with it. Drain off the bio-diesel fuel.

18. Add to your Tank You can buy a pump and pump it in or use a funnel and a bucket but the results are the same, Fuel for your vehicle. You can buy a pump and pump it in or use a funnel and a bucket but the results are the same, Fuel for your vehicle.

19. Conclusion Using waste to create fuel for our vehicles has been around almost from the start of vehicles. Using waste to create fuel for our vehicles has been around almost from the start of vehicles. It makes good sense to reuse this product to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and help clean our environment. It makes good sense to reuse this product to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and help clean our environment. Several Branches of the Armed Services, NASA, U.S. Postal Service, Florida Power and Light and Cincinnati Metro are using this type of fuel for fleet vehicles. Several Branches of the Armed Services, NASA, U.S. Postal Service, Florida Power and Light and Cincinnati Metro are using this type of fuel for fleet vehicles.

20. References http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_mike.html http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_mike.html http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_mike.html http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_mike.html http://biofuel.org.uk/ http://biofuel.org.uk/ http://biofuel.org.uk/ http://www.journeytoforever.org/biofuel.h tml http://www.journeytoforever.org/biofuel.h tml http://www.journeytoforever.org/biofuel.h tml http://www.journeytoforever.org/biofuel.h tml http://alternativefuels.about.com/od/biodi esel/ss/makebiodiesel http://alternativefuels.about.com/od/biodi esel/ss/makebiodiesel

21. References http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/bio diesel http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/bio diesel http://auto.howstuffworks.com/biodiesel2. htm http://auto.howstuffworks.com/biodiesel2. htm http://auto.howstuffworks.com/biodiesel2. htm http://auto.howstuffworks.com/biodiesel2. htm