Field Representation (extracted from ‘General Presentation’)

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation2 Apart from ISM, Warfield has created another powerful modeling tool, ‘Field Representation and Profiling Method’ (FR) designed to help us put elements in a system into appropriate ‘similarity classes’ or ‘categories’ – which then help us explore the relationships (transitive and other) between elements and categories. We illustrate the Field Representation Method with three examples – one example being a general structure of the utmost simplicity; the second one relates to our Mission of “Developing effective educational systems for India’s real needs”, and the third one is a pretty complex Field…

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation3 Here’s a list of some diverse Missions To become a top level software designer To double organizational turnover within one year “Garibi hatao!” – (The ‘anti-poverty’ slogan of Indira Gandhi’s government – the slogan was excellent, but the initiative as a whole failed rather miserably) To master my math syllabus and thereby get excellent results in my math exams To get myself a satisfying and well-paying job “To create an effective system of governance to meet India’s needs” To align individuals in the organization to the organization’s goals To qualify myself for the best job opportunities available To launch a new product in the US market in 2008 To set up my own consulting business To become a global leader in software services by 2015 “To ensure 90% true literacy in India within 10 years” To align individuals in the organization to the organization’s goals Our first example of FR follows… We shall now use the Field Representation process on this confusing list to clarify things a bit…

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation4 In your opinion, is “ ” (element 2) similar to (/in the same category as) “ ” (element 1) [keeping in mind the kind of organizational structures that may be needed to accomplish the specific Mission] ? The first step of the FR process involves inserting the ‘elements’ into categories/’similarity classes’ A: Dimension 1 ● To become a top-level software designer We start by inserting the first element into a blank ‘Dimension’, as illustrated below… …and then we ask ‘modeling questions’, as shown, next … General ‘modeling question’, for creating Field Representations… First element inserted in Dimension 1

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation5 In your opinion, is “To double organizational turnover within 1 year” (element ‘2’) similar to (/in the same category as) “to become a top-level software designer” (element ‘1’) [keeping in mind the kind of organizational structures that may be needed to accomplish the specific Mission] ? More specifically (in this case): Response Is “NO”, so this element goes into a different category as shown, next slide…

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation6 Here’s how the Field Representation develops: A: Dimension 1B: Dimension 2 ● to become a top-level ● To double organizational software designer turnover within 1 year In your opinion, is “Garibi Hatao!” (element ‘3’) similar to (/in the same category as) “to become a top-level software designer” (element ‘1’) [keeping in mind the kind of organizational structures that may be needed to accomplish the specific Mission] ? Response: “NO”, so new question asked… In your opinion, is “Garibi Hatao!” (element ‘3’) similar to (/in the same category as) “To double org. turnover within 1 year?” (element ‘2’) [keeping in mind the kind of organizational structures that may be needed to accomplish the specific Mission] ? Next modeling question: Response again: “NO”, so a new dimension is created… A: Dimension 1B: Dimension 2 ● to become a top-level ● To double org. software designer turnover within 1 year C: Dimension 3 ● Garibi Hatao! and so on… A: Dimension 1 ● To become a top-level software designer Next modeling question: If the response to a modeling question is “NO”, the question is asked again w.r.t. another element, or a new Dimension is created and the question-element is inserted there. If the response is “YES”, then the question-element is inserted in the same Dimension… Second element in Dimension 2

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation7 FR: “ System of ‘Types of Missions’ ” A: Dimension 1 To become a top-level… To master my math syllabus To get myself a satisfying and well-paid job … B: Dimension 2 To double organizational turnover… To get over the ‘attrition problem’ To align individuals in organization… To launch a new product in US market C: Dimension 3 O “Garibi Hatao!” O “To create an effective system of governance for India’s needs” O “To develop an effective educational system for our needs” O “……” Important! The titles of the categories are arrived at only after all elements are appropriately inserted into blank categories (see next…) System Tie-Line

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation8 FR: “ System of ‘Types of Missions’ ” A: Individual Missions To become a top-level… To master my math syllabus To get myself a satisfying and well-paid job … B: Organizational Missions To double organizational turnover… To get over the ‘attrition problem’ To align individuals in organization… To launch a new product in US market C: Societal Missions O “Garibi Hatao!” O “To create an effective system of governance for India’s needs” O “To develop an effective educational system for our needs” O “……” System Tie-Line

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation9 Individual Missions Organizational Missions Societal Missions VERY IMPORTANT: The appropriate titles of the Dimensions of this Field Representation came to light only AFTER all available elements were inserted into those Dimensions via an appropriate ‘modeling question’!

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation10 A: Individual Missions To become a top level software designer To master my math syllabus and thereby get excellent results in my math exams To get myself a satisfying and well-paying job To qualify myself for the best job opportunities that become available To set up my own consulting business To become more effective at what I do To learn to use PowerPoint effectively …

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation11 B: Organizational Missions To obtain needed financing for a major project To align individuals in the organization to the organization’s goals To double organizational turnover within one year To get over the ‘attrition problem’ To launch a new product in the US market in 2008 To become a global leader in software services by 2015 To obtain needed financing to market globally …

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation12 C: Societal Missions “Garibi hatao!” (Indira Gandhi’s famous slogan, which has alas never been effectively worked on) “To create an effective system of governance to meet India’s needs” “To develop an effective educational system for India’s needs” “To ensure 90% true literacy in India within 10 years” “To become one of the ‘least corrupt’ nations in the world within 10 years (instead of being one of the ‘more corrupt’ nations)” …

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation13 FR: “ System of ‘Types of Missions’ ” A: Individual Missions To become a top-level… To master my math syllabus To get myself a satisfying and well-paid job … B: Organizational Missions To double organizational turnover… To get over the ‘attrition problem’ To align individuals in organization… To launch a new product in US market C: Societal Missions O “Garibi Hatao!” O “To create an effective system of governance for India’s needs” O “To develop an effective educational system for our needs” O “……” System Tie-Line The ‘SYSTEM TIE-LINE’ stands for any of the relationships that may be inherent in the system under consideration On examining the ‘system’ with just the three dimensions that have developed here, we are now able to perceive that a couple more dimensions are required to render this into a truly useful and usable ‘system’…

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation14 FR: “ System of ‘Types of Missions’ ” A: Individual Missions To become a top-level… To master my math syllabus To get myself a satisfying and well-paid job … B: Organizational Missions To double organizational turnover… To get over the ‘attrition problem’ To align individuals in organization… To launch a new product in US market C: Societal Missions O “Garibi Hatao!” O “To create an effective system of governance for India’s needs” O “To develop an effective educational system for our needs” O “……” System Tie-Line T D: Type of organizationE: Resources reqd. Required o ~~~~~~~~~~~~ O Self-organization o ~~~~~~~~~~~~ O Incorporated Company o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ O Government or non-governmental organisation Two more dimensions needed to create a useful picture of a ‘system’ Check out ‘understandability’ of the system as it appears now - after addition of these two extra dimensions - against the original list of objects (reviewed, next slide).

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation15 The original list of Missions To become a top level software designer To double organizational turnover within one year “Garibi hatao!” To master my math syllabus and thereby get excellent results in my math exams To get myself a satisfying and well-paying job “To create an effective system of governance to meet India’s needs” To align individuals in the organization to the organization’s goals To qualify myself for the best job opportunities available To launch a new product in the US market in 2008 To set up my own consulting business To become a global leader in software services by 2015 “To ensure 90% true literacy in India within 10 years” To align individuals in the organization to the organization’s goals We claim that a significant enhancement in understanding develops through FR categorization – just review that Field Representation! (Reviewed, next slide)

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation16 FR: “ Systems required to handle different kinds of Missions” A: Individual Missions To become a top-level… To master my math syllabus To get myself a satisfying and well-paid job … B: Organizational Missions To double organizational turnover… To get over the ‘attrition problem’ To align individuals in organization… To launch a new product in US market C: Societal Missions O “Garibi Hatao!” O “To create an effective system of governance for India’s needs” O “To develop an effective educational system for our needs” O “……” System Tie-Line T D: Type of organizationE: Resources reqd. Required O Self- organization o O Incorporated Company o O Government or non-governmental organisation

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation17 So, let’s recap WHY we do this ‘categorization’ The mind is able to get a better ‘overview’ picture of the whole by looking at a few categories rather than looking at a large number of disparate elements We can start understanding the relationships between the factors in the system when we look at those categories rather than the disparate elements in the list (illustrated later) By creating such a Field Representation of ‘Missions’, we are enabled to understand the ‘structures’ of the kind of systems needed to accomplish each type of Mission The human mind has learnt over millennia to categorize factors in a system in ways that are useful to enable understanding of the systems confronted. The Field Representation process just utilizes this existing, well-developed human skill and thereby provides us a practical means to create ‘graphical pictures’ of systems that encompass all dimensions of the system under consideration. Most importantly, such representations, when effectively done, are models that satisfy this fundamental law of systems: “Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety” (explained, next slides)

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation18 Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety: (GSC’s ‘Simple Simon’ version) “The dimensions of a proposed solution to any problem should match the dimensions of the problem itself” A great many of our individual, organizational and societal systems are designed without the designers having kept this fundamental law in mind – which explains why so many of our systems do not perform optimally or even may fail catastrophically Take a look at the news of ANY day (including today), and you will see scores (if not hundreds) of examples to validate the claim just made – and to demonstrate the desperate need in society for accessible practical means to ensure that our systems are designed to satisfy Ashby’s Law!

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation19 We illustrate Field Representation (FR) method once again – now with a structure created from the elements in our list of elements created for the Mission: “To Grow My Organization As One Of The Leaders in the Field” (The Field appears on two slides as it does not fit into one screen) For illustration, we articulate on the first page a few of the relationships perceived in the system…

Page 1 MISSION: “To grow my organization to become one of the leaders in the field” FIELD REPRESENTATION: “System To Grow To Leader In Field” A : CLARITY OF MIND AT TOP ● To become clear in my mind about how this Mission could be achieved (1) ● To be the leader that will inspire all my staff to perform to their very best (4) B : SOUND RECRUITMENT POLICIES ● To recruit the right people who will support this ambitious Mission(2) C : WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH STAFF ● To arrive at a comfortable working relationship with my people (3) ● To give my people all the freedom they deserve to do their work effectively (8) D : FINANCING ● To get hold of all the financing required, in timely fashion (5) E : REPUTATION ● To ensure that my organization develops an outstanding reputation in its field(6) ● To develop the highest reputation as performers (18) To become clear in my mind about how this Mission (1) could be achieved SHOULD HELP ME BECOME the leader that will inspire all my staff to perform to their very best (4) and that WILL ALSO ENABLE recruiting of the right people who will support this ambitious Mission (2)… There exist a great many such relationships between elements in the system represented – the Field Representation process enables us to explore such relationships in detail as needed – in a graphical form. continued Page 2 Prose translation of system relationships highlighted through the System Tie-Line: SYSTEMTIELINESYSTEMTIELINE

SYSTEMTIELINESYSTEMTIELINE Page 2 F : SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE ● To ensure the most effective possible Action Planning at each stage, at all levels(7) ● To put highly effective systems into place in all functional areas (9) ● To ensure effective reporting at each level of the organization (10) ● To ensure that none of us wastes our time in unproductive meetings (11) ● To reward all who perform – with praise, with appropriate responsibilities, with appropriate financial and other incentives(14) ● To ensure at each level that people become effective problem solvers (15) ● To ensure effective and timely reporting at all levels (16) ● To ensure the highest possible quality in ALL our work, at ALL levels (19) ● To demand top-quality performance at each level (20) ● To get top-quality performance at each level of the organization (21) G : AVOIDING WASTE OF RESOURCES ● To minimize waste of resources (12) H : MOTIVATION OF PEOPLE ● To motivate all to perform at their best(13) I : KEEPING OUR PROMISES ● To ensure that we keep our promises – to clients, suppliers, staff, shareholders, all stakeholders (17)

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation22 A : CLARITY OF MIND AT TOP B : SOUND RECRUITMENT POLICIES C : WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH STAFF D : FINANCING E : REPUTATION Here’s something else we can do with the FR: We can create an ISM with the TITLES of the Dimensions in the Field Representation. (We look once more at the titles…) Next slide, we illustrate the ISM created with the titles of these dimensions (using a transitive relationship that’s a bit more complex than straight ‘contribution’) Titles of Field Dimensions: G: AVOIDING WASTE OF RESOURCES H : MOTIVATION OF PEOPLE I : KEEPING OUR PROMISES F : SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation23 A : CLARITY OF MIND AT TOP I : KEEPING OUR PROMISES G: AVOIDING WASTE OF RESOURCES H : MOTIVATION OF PEOPLE E : REPUTATION ISM created from Dimensions of Field Representation of “THINGS TO DO To Grow Organization Into Leader” The explanatory and clarificatory power of the FR process is huge – but one MUST use it regularly to understand its value to help us understand our systems… “should CONTRIBUTE TO” F : EFFECTIVE SYSTEMS AND PERFORMANCE D : FINANCING B : SOUND RECRUITMENT POLICIES C : WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH STAFF We can also create ISMs using the elements within each of the Dimensions of the Field Representation – this enables us to explore within each Dimension or aspect of the system(s) under consideration (Not illustrated)

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation24 ‘model of models’ OPMS). Now, we illustrate Field Representation (FR) method once again – now with a quite complex ‘second-order’ model -- a ‘model of models’: this is the ‘One Page Management System’ (OPMS). The OPMS powerfully ‘enables’ people to accomplish the Missions of current interest to them, by enabling them to see their systems with utmost clarity, in a highly ‘actionable’ way...

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation25 The ‘SYSTEM TIE-LINE’ provides us a practical means to show how elements in various Dimensions may impact on the Mission and on the THINGS TO DO in our Action Planning’ – e.g. how do the various BARRIERS impact on the activities to be performed to accomplish the Mission?, etc, etc… all All aspects of ANY ‘Mission’ – no matter how large or ambitious, can be captured on a single page, with linkages to all details! This is a ‘generic’ model, applicable to any Mission! This is a ‘2 nd order’ Field Representation: a ‘MODEL OF MODELS’ – it comprises of ALL the elements and ALL the models arising during the course of any Mission into appropriate classes that have been found useful through years of people working on Missions. This Dimensions contains: THINGS TO DO to accomplish the Mission and all the action models constructed using the elements in the THINGS TO DO list All the BARRIERS/ etc that may hinder or prevent accomplishment of Mission – AND all the models with BARRIERS, etc. All the BARRIERS, etc, that may hinder or prevent accomplishment of Mission AND all the action models constructed using those elements Linkages should be developed between elements in the various dimensions of our OPMS in order to clarify our minds about our systems and how to develop effective action in them! On exploring such linkages, we find that we’re naturally begin to ‘understand the system better’ – and are also enabled to develop all needed sub-systems for our ‘System to accomplish the chosen Mission’. The whole system we create will be highly effective because we have understood the relationships between the factors in the system! Linkages across Dimensions: How to develop appropriate THINGS TO DO that would help us to overcome the BARRIERS, etc??? That important question becomes entirely clear to us as we develop the OPMS! Use of ‘System Tie-Line Linkages across Dimensions: How do the BARRIERS, etc, hinder or prevent accomplishment of THINGS TO DO (and the Mission)?

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation26 THINGS TO DO BARRIERS More THINGS TO DO Hinder specific to overcome We get a series of models like the following, which would help clarify how to accomplish desired objectives: the models are detailed in regard to which BARRIERS hinder which specific THINGS TO DO, and exactly what are the THINGS TO DO to overcome specific BARRIERS! We get a whole series of such models linking up specific elements in the various dimensions of the OPMS to specific elements in other dimensions The model means: “BARRIERS hinder specific THINGS TO DO – and we are enabled to identify more THINGS TO DO to overcome those BARRIERS” Enable us to identify Action Plans to develop the strengths required (but not currently available) to accomplish Mission How to prepare to avail the OPPORTUNITIES within the ‘window of opportunity’! How to overcome weaknesses that may hinder or prevent accomplishment of our Mission! The various ‘sub-systems’ one needs to develop in order to ensure an effective working system will appear in the ‘system dimensions’ of the OPMS, which appear, as shown, below the ‘System Tie-Line’

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation27 It’s called the One Page Management System because: All the information related to the ‘Mission’ is crystallized onto a single page – and any part of it can be accessed because of the linkages in the model From this one page, linkages would develop to show you how: THINGS TO DO would contribute to each other and to the Mission; BARRIERS/DIFFICULTIES and THREATS might hinder or prevent accomplishment of THINGS TO DO – and you can find out other THINGS TO DO to overcome those BARRIERS, etc. What STRENGTHS are required to accomplish the Mission (and how to acquire them); What OPPORTUNITIES are available to accomplish the Mission – and how to prepare to avail of them; How existing WEAKNESSES might hinder or prevent accomplishment, and how to overcome those WEAKNESSES; And a whole lot else! It really is an ‘Operating System for the Human Mind’! This huge claim can be justified in detail in a live workshop session The whole process of developing an OPMS is highly iterative, which ensures that mistaken/weak ideas are continuingly weeded out so that the Action Plans developed represent the best thinking that’s available on the Mission!

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation28 Linkages developing through OPMS: How to overcome BARRIERS, WEAKNESSES, etc ? How to develop needed STRENGTHS? How to use available STRENGTHS to overcome WEAKNESSES? How to prepare to avail OPPORTUNITIES that may arise? Which EVENTS/ACTIVITIES should come first? What is most important to do for accomplishment of Mission?? Etc, etc, etc, etc …

(c) GS ChandyOPMS General Presentation29 Get out all good ideas available Record (and clarify) those ideas Put the ideas together in some kind of usable order – i.e. create an ‘action plan’ ‘Integrate’ all aspects of the action plan We revert to a slide shown much earlier: Get out all good ideas available! Record (and clarify) those ideas! Idea Generation tools Put the ideas together into an effective Action Plan! Interpretive Structural Modeling Field Representation Method Integrate everything to create a true system! One Page Management System (OPMS) How is all this accomplished? Prototype OPMS software is ready and is freely available. Just write in to to find out how you may download, install and use it!