The EARTH’s Spheres SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

Bell Ringer – Question 1

Bell Ringer - Question 2

Today’s Objective Explain interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Describe how the composition and structure of the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet.

Agenda I do: Guided notes – tree map We do: Identify Spheres of the Earth and their interactions Rally Coach) You do: Think-Write-Pair-Share: Picture analysis You do: On your own-Exit Ticket

Agenda I do: Guided notes – Foldable layers of the atmosphere We do: Identify Spheres of the Earth You do: Think-Write-Pair-Share: Picture analysis You do: On your own-Exit Ticket

Spheres of the Earth Five major parts of Earth work together as a complex system: rocks, water, air, ice, and life. On a global scale, each part can be thought of as a sphere, roughly the same size and shape as the planet. The Earth and its systems are separated into categories that all function and interact together. The geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are all categories of Earth’s functional systems.

The Earth and its systems are separated into categories that all function and interact together. (CLICK) The geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are all categories of Earth’s functional systems.

Video Spheres of the Earth Login to Pearsonsuccessnet.com – 7th grade – Interactive digital path – chapter 3 – essential question – view – untamed science. http://www.sciencebook.dkonline.com/27.html

MADE OF NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AND GREENHOUSE GASES LIKE WATER VAPOR, CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE, AND OZONE THAT KEEPS THE EARTH WARM IT TRAPS THE HEAT AND SHIELDS THE WORLD FROM HARMFUL SOLAR RADIATION, COSMIC RAYS AND VACUUM OF SPACE IT IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSFERRING WATER FROM THE OCEANS TO THE LAND EVERYDAY, THE ATMOSPHERE TRANSFERS HEAT FROM THE EQUATOR TO THE NORTH AND SOUTH POLES THIS IS DONE THROUGH TRADE WINDS THAT WE FEEL IN THE FORM OF GENTLE BREEZES CONTAINS A THIN LAYER OF GAS THAT PROTECTS THE EARTH FROM THE COLD WORLD OF SPACE The atmosphere contains a thin layer of gas that protects the earth from the cold world of space. The atmosphere is made of nitrogen, oxygen, and greenhouse gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone that keep the Earth warm by trapping heat and shielding the world from harmful solar radiation, cosmic rays, and the vacuum of space. Everyday, the atmosphere transfers heat from the equator to the North and South Poles through trade winds that are felt by us as gentle breezes. The atmosphere is also responsible for transferring water from the oceans to the land. Tornadoes can be accredited to the dynamic workings of the atmosphere, as well.

exosphere Earth’s atmosphere is composed of four major layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. (CLICK) The troposphere makes up 80 percent of the atmosphere and is the bottommost level. Mt. Everest’s peak extends into the troposphere where the oxygen level is just a third of what it is at ground level. (CLICK) The ozone layer lies within the stratosphere, the level just above the troposphere. The stratosphere is stratified in temperature with the cooler areas near the bottom of the stratosphere and the warmer areas higher up. (CLICK) The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere. The oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide gases in the mesosphere are responsible for destroying the tons of meteors that fall to Earth each day. (CLICK) The thermosphere is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere. Here the thin air can reach temperatures in excess of 1000 C. The thermosphere is the largest layer of the atmosphere and only space shuttles have successfully reached this layer.

FOLDABLE With a sheet of copy paper, make a five flaps foldable and be ready to take notes about the five layers of the atmosphere.

Video on layers of the atmosphere http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ weather-and-climate/earths-atmosphere.htm http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthsat mosphere/

FAST FLOWING, STRONG WINDS FOUND IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE BETWEEN A BOUNDARY OF COLD AND WARM AIR FOLLOWS THE WARM AIR AND FLOW FROM WEST TO EAST (BASED ON THE EARTH’S ROTATION) CONTRIBUTES TO THE WORLDWIDE WEATHER AND HELPS BETTER PREDICT IT BASED ON THE JET STREAMS’ LOCATION FAST FLOWING, STRONG WINDS FOUND IN THE UPPER TROPOSPHERE BETWEEN A BOUNDARY OF COLD AND WARM AIR FOLLOWS THE WARM AIR AND FLOW FROM WEST TO EAST (BASED ON THE EARTH’S ROTATION) CONTRIBUTES TO THE WORLDWIDE WEATHER AND HELPS BETTER PREDICT IT BASED ON THE JET STREAMS’ LOCATION Global patterns such as jet stream and ocean currents influence local weather in terms of temperature, air pressure, wind direction and speed, humidity, and precipitation. (CLICK) Jet streams are fast flowing, strong winds found in the upper troposphere. They form between the boundary of cold air and warm air. Jet streams follow the warm air and flow from west to east on account of the Earth’s rotation. Because jet streams push weather patterns across the globe, weather in a particular location does not just stay stagnant in one place. In this way, jet streams contribute to the worldwide weather and help meteorologists better predict the weather based on the locations of these jet streams.

THE CONDITION IN THE ATMOSPHERE AT A PARTICULAR PLACE AND TIME SHOULD NOT BE CONFUSED WITH CLIMATE FLORIDA – RAINS, STORMS & HURRICANES FROM JUNE TO SEPT FLORIDA – DRY SEASON FROM OCT TO MAY THE PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR OF THE ATMOSPHERE OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME DOES NOT CHANGE FROM DAY TO DAY Weather is defined as the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time. (CLICK) Weather is not to be confused with climate, which is the pattern of behavior of the atmosphere over a long period of time. (CLICK) During an evening weather forecast, the meteorologist might tell viewers to expect rainy and cloudy weather with a chance of thunderstorms. On the other hand, Florida’s climate will not change from day to day. Florida has a humid subtropical climate in which lots of rain, thunderstorms, and hurricanes can be expected between June and September, (CLICK) a dry season marked by brush fires is common between October and May.

The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of the Earth The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of the Earth. The hydrosphere covers about 70% of the surface of the Earth and is the home for many plants and animals. The hydrosphere, like the atmosphere, is always in motion. Features include: -oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams.

MAKES UP ALL THE WATER ON EARTH WATER IS CONSTANTLY ON THE MOVE IT CHANGES FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER The hydrosphere makes up all the water on the Earth including the water in the oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes, and also the water in between the cracks of rocks and floating up in the atmosphere. Water is constantly on the move, changing from one state to another. The Water Cycle explains how water from the Earth moves through the environment. (CLICK) Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and surface runoff are the four parts of the water cycle. EXPLAINS HOW WATER FROM THE EARTH MOVES THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT

HEAT IS RELEASED TO THE ATMOSPHERE Ocean currents also impact local weather. Currents allow the heat and moisture to be exchanged between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere. Warm ocean currents and wind patterns operate in a cyclical nature. Currents are driven by wind patterns that in turn affect surface temperature, which affects the ocean temperature and atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure creates wind patterns and the cycle repeats itself. IMPACTS LOCAL WEATHER CURRENTS ALLOW THE HEAT AND MOISTURE TO BE EXCHANGED BETWEEN THE HYDROSPHERE AND THE ATMOSPHERE

ALL THE EARTH’S FROZEN WATER ICE, SNOW, GLACIERS, AND ICE SHEETS WHEN WARM PERIOD OCCURS, MELTED ICE FLOWS INTO THE HYDROSPHERE ALTERS SEA LEVELS RESHAPES COASTLINES The cryosphere refers to all the Earth’s frozen water including ice, snow, glaziers, and ice sheets. (CLICK) When warm periods occur, melted ice flows into the hydrosphere, radically altering sea levels and reshaping coastlines.

ALL LIFE FORMS (PLANTS AND ANIMALS) ON EARTH FEATURES INCLUDE: ‐COASTAL BIOMES ‐FORESTS ‐DESERTS ‐GRASSLANDS ‐URBAN/AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS The biosphere refers to all the life forms found on Earth. It extends up to the atmosphere where some bird and insect species can be found, and all the way down to the depths of the ocean where sea creatures reside. Any place that houses plant or animal life, no matter how big or small, is apart of the biosphere. ALL LIFE FORMS (PLANTS AND ANIMALS) ON EARTH EXTENDS UP (BIRDS) TO THE ATMOSPHERE AND ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA (STARFISH)

CONTAINS ROCKS, MINERALS, AND LANDFORMS ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH DENSEST PORTION OF THE EARTH PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN PROCESS AFFECTING THE ATMOSPHERE, HYDROSPHERE, AND BIOSPHERE SUCH AS THE WATER CYCLE AND THE CARBON CYCLE. FEATURES ARE: VALLEY NETWORKS, RIVER CHANNELS/CANYONS, DELTAS, SAND DUNES, WIND STREAKS FOLDS, FAULTS, MOUNTAINS VOLCANOES The geosphere is the densest portion of Earth. It contains rocks, minerals, and landforms on the surface and interior of the Earth. The geosphere is constantly changing and plays a critical role in processes affecting the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere such as the water cycle and the carbon cycle.

We do: Let’s practice together! On the left side Can you identify each sphere pictured above?

Spheres of the Earth

Rally Coach Partner A answers the first question. Partner B will listen, check, coach and praise partner A . Partner B will answer the next question. Partner A will listen, check, coach, and praise partner B. A.Martin

Spheres of the Earth

Spheres of the Earth

Spheres of the Earth

Spheres of the Earth

You do:Think-Pair-Write-Share Choose one of the pictures below and describe at least 3 sphere interactions you can infer from the scene.

Exit Slip 1. Which two spheres interact when a glacier erodes rock? A. the geosphere and the atmosphere B. the biosphere and the geosphere C. the biosphere and the cryosphere D. the cryosphere and the geosphere 2. Identify the example that shows how the biosphere and atmosphere can interact. people breathing in oxygen plants obtaining nutrients from the soil ocean waves breaking down rocks animals eating other animals