THE PLANT KINGDOM

Characteristics of All Plants Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic (make their own food through photosynthesis) Do not move Cells contain cell walls and chloroplasts Undergo transpiration, water evaporates from openings the plant’s leaves causing water that is deeper to be drawn out

Photosynthesis- the process plants use to make food Occurs inside the chloroplasts of a plant’s cells Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight The chloroplasts then use that energy to combine CO2 and H2O to produce glucose and oxygen Glucose- an energy rich carbohydrate; serves as a food source for the plant **when we consume plants our cells use the glucose to make energy

Photosynthesis Chemical Reaction

Respiration Takes place in the mitochondria of both plant and animal cells Breaks down glucose in order to release and use the energy it contains

VASCULAR PLANTS VS. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS

Structures of Vascular Plants Roots Provide support and anchor plants Stems Transport food and water and act as supporting structures Leaves Conduct photosynthesis

Vascular plants have systems of tubes (xylem and phloem) for the transport of nutrients and water The xylem of a plant is the system of tubes and transport cells that circulates water and dissolved minerals; it also provides support The phloem cells are laid out end- to-end throughout the entire plant, transporting the sugars and other molecules created by the plant. Xylem Phloem One way transport only Two way transport