Hope and Wish (Present & Future)

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Presentation transcript:

Hope and Wish (Present & Future)

Hope and wish express different points of view about the present and future. Hope refers to real possibilities. Wish is used to express impossibility or improbability – that the speaker or writer wants reality to be other than it is Hopes verse Wishes Inference I hope that they will (can) help us. It is possible that they will (can) help us. I wish that they would (could) help us. They probably will not (cannot) help us.

Hopes: present and future hopes are expressed by using present or future verbs or modal auxiliaries such as can in the dependent clause. Wishes: present and future wishes are expressed by using would, could, or a special verb form – the subjunctive – in the dependent clause. In most cases, this form is the same as the simple past tense. In formal English, were is used for all forms of the verb be. However, in informal English , was is sometimes used with I, he, she and it, although it is not considered correct. Use of that is optional in these sentences.

Examples Inferences Wishes about the present I wish (that) they were here. They aren’t here. I wish (that) they were coming. They are not coming. I wish (that) they came here more often. They don’t come here very often. I wish they could come. They cannot come. Wishes about the future I wish they were going to come. They are probably not going to come. I wish they would (could) come next week. They probably won’t (can’t) come next week.

Wishes about the past Wishes about the past express feelings or thoughts that did not happen, that are contrary to reality. To show the unreality of the wish, a subjunctive form, which is the same as the past perfect tense, is normally used in the dependent clause.

Examples Notes The workers went on strike. I wish (that) there hadn’t been a strike. The negotiators didn’t agree. We wish (that) they had (agreed). In most cases, had + past participle is used with past wishes. The past participle can be omitted if the meaning is clear. That can also be omitted. The negotiators couldn’t agree. We wish (that) they could have (agreed). In some cases, perfect modals (could [would, etc] have + past participle) are used to express past wishes.