Advanced GIS Using ESRI ArcGIS 9.3 3D Analyst part 2

3D Analyst TIN to Raster TINs are very slow to generate and refresh Therefore, once created, it is strongly suggested to rasterize them creating grids of elevations (i.e. raster Digital Elevation Models – DEMs)

3D Analyst TIN to Raster When rasterizing, it is instrumental for a good result to optimize the cell dimension, basing upon source resolution, scale of the final layout etc. Obviously, the size of the resulting raster will depend upon the selected cell size

3D Analyst TIN to Raster Result

3D Analyst TIN to Raster The default color ramp for the resulting raster is the gray scale; generally, it is better to change it, also using a stratch metod capable of optimizing the visualization

3D Analyst TIN to Raster 6 types of stretches are available: None Custom Standard deviations Histogram equalize Maximum-minimum Histogram specification

3D Analyst TIN to Raster Stretching None No stretch will be applied The lowest value in the range will be represented with the starting color and the highest DN with the ending color. Equal differences of DN will always result in equal distances along the color ramp.

3D Analyst TIN to Raster Stretching Maximum-minimum Same as “None”, but minimum and maximum values can be edited; DNs will be subject to linear stretch accordingly

3D Analyst TIN to Raster Stretching Standard deviations Colors will be non-linearly stretched basing upon fractions of the standard deviation of the distribution of the source values.

3D Analyst TIN to Raster Stretching Histogram equalize Colors will be distributed according to the distribution of DNs; therefore, ranges with frequent values will show a larger difference in color than an equally wide range of less frequent values

3D Analyst TIN to Raster Stretching Custom The relationship between DN and color will be determined by a curve/polyline freely edited on the histogram

3D Analyst TIN to Raster Stretching Histogram specification Allows to load a previously saved mode for stretching

3D Analyst TIN to Raster TIN derived maps It is possible to rasterize maps of slope angle or aspect (i.e. the modular and directional values of the vector representing the first derivative of the elevation z with respect to the planimetric position x,y) directly from a TIN

3D Analyst TIN to Raster TIN derived maps Slope angle

3D Analyst TIN to Raster TIN derived maps Slope aspect

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Slope angle and aspect Slope angle and aspect can be calculated (from a TIN or a tingrid) also using the “Surface analysis” set of tools

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Hillshade The same set of tools allow also to generate a shaded map, created according to a light source, freely located in the 3D space above the 3D model. The default position is N315° (i.e. NW) with a zenith of 45°.

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Hillshade Result

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps “Relief” Combining the hillshade map with the tingrid with proper transparency, a map effectively depicting the relief can be created. This will be displayed much faster than the shaded TIN.

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Contours TIN and tingrids can also be used to generate vector contour maps. The base contour and interval can be freely chosen.

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Contours Result

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Viewshed It is also possible to delineate the areas visible from the feature(s) contained in a 3D shapefile.

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Viewshed Result

3D Analyst Surface analysis Area and Volume It is possible to calculate area and volume for a 3D surface located either above or under a given elevation. It is also possible to store the above values in a text file

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Cut / Fill It is possible to compare two TINs (or tingrids) of the same area to highlight local differences in elevation, storing the result as a raster file.

3D Analyst Surface analysis TIN derived maps Cut / Fill Result

3D Analyst Reclassify TIN derived maps It is possible to recassify a ruaster, passing from continuous values to classes

3D Analyst Reclassify Example of reclassification of a slope angle map

3D Analyst Reclassify Example of reclassification of a slope angle map Result

3D Analyst Convert 2D features to 3D Adds the “Z value” to any 2D vector feature, generally extracting it from a TIN

3D Analyst Convert Raster to TIN A TIN will be created connecting the center of each cell at the elevation stored in it. Almost never used.

3D Analyst Convert TIN to Features Converts the information stored into the TIN into Polygon or Point features

3D Analyst Convert TIN to Features Converts the information stored into the TIN into Polygon or Point features

3D Analyst Convert TIN to Features Converts a raster to a Polygon or Polyline or Point feature. Will be discussed in the Spatial Analyst, as well as the Interpolation

3D Analyst Options General

3D Analyst Options Extent

3D Analyst Options Cell Size

3D Analyst Icons

3D Analyst Icons Create Contours Creates a contour passing from a point (selected clicking on the map)

3D Analyst Icons Create Contours Creates a contour passing from a point (selected clicking on the map)

3D Analyst Icons Create Steepest Path Creates a line following the steepest path from a selected point

3D Analyst Icons Create Line of Sight Creates a straight line connecting two points (different color where underground)

3D Analyst Icons Interpolate Point Creates a 3D point where clicked desuming the z value from the active TIN (or tingrid).

3D Analyst Icons Interpolate point When editing a 3D Point shapefile, the point will be stored in it.

3D Analyst Icons Interpolate Line Creates a 3D polyline where clicked desuming the z values from the active TIN (or tingrid). When editing a 3D Polyline shapefile, the polyline will be stored in it.

3D Analyst Icons Interpolate Polygon Creates a 3D polygon where clicked desuming the z values fot its boundary from the active TIN (or tingrid). When editing a 3D Polygon shapefile, the polygon will be stored in it.

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Once interpolated (and selected) a Line, a profile graph will be created

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Properties Series

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Properties Appearance

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Properties Appearance

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties General

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis - Scales

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis – Title 1

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis – Title 2

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis – Labels 1

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis – Labels 2

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis – Ticks

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis – Minor

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Axis - Position

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Titles - Style

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Titles - Format

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Titles - Gradient

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Titles - Shadow

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Legend - Style

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Legend - Symbols

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Panel - Background

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Panel - Borders

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Paging

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Walls

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Data

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Themes

3D Analyst Icons Create Profile Graph Right clicking on the graph, it is possible to manage it Advanced Properties Themes