In-Kwon YOO Pusan National University Busan, Republic of KOREA SPS Results Review.

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Presentation transcript:

In-Kwon YOO Pusan National University Busan, Republic of KOREA SPS Results Review

In-Kwon SKKU Jun SPS.CERN NA44 : The Focussing Spectrometer for one and two particles NA45 (CERES) : Study of Electron Pair Production in Hadron and Nuclear Collisions Large Acceptance Hadron Spectrometer NA50 : Study of Muon Pairs and Vector Mesons Study of Strange and Multistrange Particles WA98 : Direct photons

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN Low mass enhancement due to strong in- medium modifications of  meson ↔ link to chiral symmetry restoration ? SPS/RHIC Goal

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA45 SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun NA57 studies the production of strange and multi-strange baryons in heavy ion interactions as a function of collision centrality collision energy 30 cm 5 cm    Silicon telescope decay vertices target  -   + K - ( BR = 67.8 % )  -   +  - ( BR = 99.9 % )    - + p ( BR = 63.9 % )     + +  - ( BR = 68.6 % ) s 1M channels B NA57 / SPS.CERN

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Transverse mass spectra in Pb-Pb at 160 A GeV 56% most central events K0K0 237±4±24  289±7±29  287±6±29  297±5±30  316±11±3 0   +   271±16±2 7  264±19±2 7  284±28±2 7 Inverse slopes (MeV) s

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Transverse mass spectra in Pb-Pb at 160 A GeV

In-Kwon SKKU Jun m T spectra in Pb-Pb at 160 A GeV/c Hydro-dynamical picture: the m T spectra are sensitive to the transverse flow Blast wave description of the spectra: Uniform particle density Ref: E Schnedermann, J Sollfrank and U Heinz, Phys. Rev. C48 (1993) 2462

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Blast wave fit to strange particles 56% most central events T and   > depend weakly on n n=2 case disfavoured by data (bad   ) statistical errors are highly anti-correlated systematic errors: T  10%,  (correlated) n=1 T = 144 ± 7(stat) ± 14(syst)    = ±0.013(stat) ± 0.012(syst)

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Fit to singly strange particles Fit driven by singly strange particles  and  fit well with same parameters Freeze-out parameters: multi- vs. singly strange particles n=1

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Blast fit for most central collisions 5% most central events nT ( MeV )     /ndf NA   /43 NA49 (a)   /4 3 NA49 (b)   /41 (a) K +, p, ,  ,   (b) K -, p, , ,  ,   NA49 centrality: 5% for K ±,  10% for p, ,  ; 20% for  Ref: M van Leeuwen, Nucl. Phys. A715 (2003) 161c

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Centrality dependence of the thermal freeze-out in Pb-Pb at 160 A GeV With increasing centrality: –Transverse flow velocity increases –Freeze-out temperature decreases Earlier decoupling for peripheral collisions ? n=1 1  contours

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Enhancements at 160 A GeV/c No enhancement Factor  20 for  Evidence of significant centrality dependence of enhancements in Pb-Pb (measurements in bin 0 essential) Saturation for the two-three most central bins ? / ( / ) p- Be Enhancement = Particles having quarks in common with the nucleon Particles made up of newly created quarks only systematic statistic Errors: Hierarchy of the enhancements (QGP prediction)

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Enhancements at 40 A GeV/c Enhancements are still there at 40 GeV, with the same hierarchy as at 160 GeV: E(  E(  systematic statistic Errors: (95 % confidence level)

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Hyperon enhancements: 40 vs. 160 GeV In most central collisions (bins 3-4): enhancements at 40 are higher than at 160 GeV Enhancements increase more steeply at 40 than at 160 GeV GeV 160 GeV  Redlich et al., QM

In-Kwon SKKU Jun m T Spectra [d 2 N/(m T dydm T ) ~ exp(m T /T)] Motivation Experiment Results Outlook 20GeV30GeV 40GeV 80GeV 158GeV

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Slope vs. Energy Motivation Experiment Results Outlook The Step at E lab =20 – 30 AGeV!

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Multiplicity vs. Energy Motivation Experiment Results Outlook Onset, Horn at E lab = AGeV

In-Kwon SKKU Jun The Pion Kink M.Gazdzicki, Z.Phys. C66 (1995) 659 MotivationExperimentResultsOutlook Deconfinement An Increase of Entropy, due to high number of effective degree of freedom in QGP ~ Entropy An Increase of Pion Yield at the Onset of Deconfinement ~ g 1/4 F Statistical Model of the Early Stage (SMES) : M. Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon. B30 (1999) 2705 The early stage of the collisions : Fireball E ~ s 1/2 ; V ~ s -1/2  = E/V ~ s ;  ~ gT 4 T ~ g -1/4 s 1/4 ~ S ~ gVT 3 ~ g 1/4 s 1/4 = g 1/4 F

In-Kwon SKKU Jun MotivationExperimentResultsOutlook g H for hadron gas The Statistical Model of the Early Stage (SMS) M.Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon. B30 (1999) 2705 g H < g Q g Q for QGP g Q / g H ~ (1.3) 4 ~ 3 1.3

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Strangeness Enhancement with the strange horn MotivationExperimentResultsOutlook Strangeness Enhancement : J. Rafelski, Phys. Rep. 88, 331 (1982) Strange Horn : M.Gazdzicki, D.Roehrich, Z.Phys. C71 (1996) 55 M.Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon. B30, 2705

In-Kwon SKKU Jun Strange/Nonstrange Ratio MotivationExperimentResultsOutlook Hadron Gas (K+K’)/  at T ~ T C ~ T 3/2 exp(-m K /T) ~ T 3 QGP at T > T C (m s < T) ~ T 3 TCTC T /

In-Kwon SKKU Jun ~ Entropy Deconfinement : An Increase of Pion Yield at the Onset Strangeness Enhancement : Hadron Gas – Mixed Phase - QGP Anomaly in transverse Expansion Highly Interested Region : E Lab ~ GeV/u Motivation Experiment Results Outlook Onset of Deconfinement ? !

In-Kwon SKKU Jun HIM Outline (Suggestion)  Physics Motivation : Focused Session  RHIC : PHENIX, STAR, FT-RHIC  FAIR : CBM  LHC : ALICE  KORAC : ?  Many Questions, but no answers  subjectwise theoretical & experimental Review (AGS-SPS-RHIC) Hadron – Lepton – Correlations (HBT, BF etc.)– E-by-E – Jet - Any other subject ?  to be answered Where to go ! - Which system / variables to be investigated ? - QGP is found ? Or not ? And then ?