BONN CONVENTION AMAAN ALI PRESENTED BY: AMAAN ALI

BONN CONVENTION CMS (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals). The Convention was signed in 1979 in Bonn, Germany and entered into force in 1983. Its membership has grown steadily to include 92 (as of 1 August 2005) Parties from Africa, Central and South America, Asia, Europe.

BACKGROUND Migration of species. Animals cross political boundaries between nations, it has a dramatic influence on their annual life-cycles and their individual survival chances Migratory species are dependent on the specific sites that they find at the end of their journey and along the way. Increasingly these sites are threatened by man-made disturbances and habitat degradation. 1972: Conference on the Human Environment, recognized the need for countries to co-operate in the conservation of animals that migrate across national boundaries .This recommendation resulted in the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1983: This Convention, commonly referred to as the Bonn Convention,

AIM / OBJECTIVE Objective: Is to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. Wild animals require special attention because of their importance from the environmental, ecological, genetic, cultural, educational, social and economic points of view. Also concerned with the conservation of habitats of wild animals on a global scale

APPENDICES OF CMS Appendix I of the convention Migratory species threatened with extinction CMS Parties strive towards strictly protecting these animals, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. Besides establishing obligations for each State joining the Convention, CMS promotes concerted action among the Range States of many of these species. Appendix II of the Convention Migratory species that need or would significantly benefit from international cooperation For this reason, the Convention encourages the Range States to conclude global or regional Agreements. In this respect, CMS acts as a framework Convention. The Agreements may range from legally binding treaties (called Agreements) to less formal instruments, such as Memoranda of Understanding, and can be adapted to the requirements of particular regions. The development of models tailored according to the conservation needs throughout the migratory range is a unique capacity to CMS.

CMS FORMATS The CMS uses three formats for range state cooperation The Agreement The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) The Initiative

The Agreement This legally binding pact is the most formal of the Conventions transactions. Agreements are the primary tools for the implementation of the main goal of the Bonn Convention.

The aim of Several Agreements under the auspices of CMS Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) African – Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS) Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats (Eurobats) Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea (Wadden Sea Seals) Gorillas and Their Habitats (Gorilla agreement)

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) These documents are slightly less formal Because they are developed in cooperation with the range states where the endangered or threatened animals exist,

The aim of several Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) under the auspices of CMS. To conserve the Siberian Crane the Slender-billed Curlew Marine Turtles of the Atlantic Coast of Africa (Marine Turtles in Africa) Marine Turtles of the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia (IOSEA) Middle-European Population of the Great Bustard Grassland Birds

the Bukhara Deer the Aquatic Warbler Cetaceans of the Pacific Islands Region the Saiga Antelope Western African Aquatic Mammals (Small Cetaceans and Manatees) Mediterranean Monk Seal West-African Populations of the African Elephant Dugong Ruddy-headed Goose

The Initiative Before an Agreement or MoU is developed, the Initiative provides a way of opening discussions between range states about the species of concern. This phase meetings are held to bring out issues and potential methods of addressing them. Dugongs, gorillas, raptors, sharks, and West African aquatic mammals are all subjects of initiatives which may lead to greater protection for them.

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE Conference of the Parties (COP): Is the decision-making organ of the Convention. It responsible for reviewing implementation of agreements and MoUs, adopting budget resolutions and amending species lists Standing Committee: Its functions are to provide policy and administrative guidance between regular meetings of the Conference of the Parties. Scientific Council: It makes recommendations to the Conference of the Parties on such issues as research on migratory species, specific conservation and management measures, Secretariat: The Secretariat is the Convention's coordinating body. Develops and promotes agreements, is responsible for disseminating information and organizing meetings

PROGRESS OF BONN The UN Convention on Migratory Species has declared 2007 the Year of the Dolphin, Parties particularly focus on the conservation of the Mahakam Wetlands in Indonesia In winter (2009 ) teams of skilled volunteer observers scouring more than 35 countries around the Mediterranean, Middle East and the Indian subcontinent in the hope of confirming the continued existence of the Slender-billed Curlew. so now they are safe from extintiion. It is ensured that the threats to the Saiga antelope during their long migrations are reduced

PROGRESS OF BONN IN PAKISTAN Indus Flyway Committee was established in early 70s to collect more information and improve the protection of the birds while they are in Pakistan. Pakistan gets a large number of guest birds from Europe, Central Asian States and India every year. The birds from North spend winters in different wetlands and deserts of Pakistan, after winters they go back to their native habitats. from Siberia to Pakistan over Karakorum, Hindu Kush, and Suleiman Ranges along Indus River down to the delta is known as International Migratory Bird Route Number 4. It is also called as the Green Route or more commonly Indus Flyway. The Indus Flyway is important due to the diverse species and large number of birds take this route: different species of water fowls, cranes, teals, pintail, mallard and gadwall, Some extinguishing species like white-headed duck, houbara bustard and Siberian crane also travel on this route.

PROGRESS OF BONN IN PAKISTAN 700,000 and 1,200,000 70 per cent of them stay in Thanedar Wala Game Reserve (where Crane Refuge has been constructed), Tenda Dam, Kinjhar Lakes, Drigh Haleji Lake was once called the Bird Watchers’ Paradise by the president of the World Wide Fund for Nature, Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus), also known as Asiatic Crane and sometimes called as Sibes, is one of the most rare birds of the world. Wetlands and shallow areas in Sindh create excellent feeding habitat for Sibes

Summary

REFERENCES http://www.unep-aewa.org/about/background.htm http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1366 http://www.cms.int/about/cms_structure.htm http://www.tematea.org/?q=node/65 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn_Convention