WOOD CONSTRUCTION. WOOD Hardwood: deciduous Oak, maple, walnut fine carpentry Softwood: coniferous (cone bearing) Pine, spruce, fir outdoor.

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Presentation transcript:

WOOD CONSTRUCTION

WOOD Hardwood: deciduous Oak, maple, walnut fine carpentry Softwood: coniferous (cone bearing) Pine, spruce, fir outdoor

WOOD DECAY Decay requires: Food (wood) Moisture

MOISTURE CONTROL Susceptible wood should be 8" above soil 5% grade from house out 10' Downspouts 10' away from house

MOISTURE CONTROL Shrubs should be 5' + 1/2 the mature diameter away from house

MOISTURE CONTROL Crawlspace crowned and covered with plastic

NATURALLY DECAY RESISTANT WOOD CEDAR Fragrant Structurally weak

NATURALLY DECAY RESISTANT WOOD CEDAR Commonly 1x dimensions

NATURALLY DECAY RESISTANT WOOD CYPRESS Good structural Commonly 1x dimensions

NATURALLY DECAY RESISTANT WOOD REDWOOD Natural red color Good structural Expensive Heartwood most resistant (versus sapwood)

NATURALLY DECAY RESISTANT WOOD COMPOSITE WOOD Hardwood sawdust and reclaimed plastic Very durable, good longevity No splinters Expensive

NATURALLY DECAY RESISTANT WOOD IPE (EE-pay) Tropical wood Extremely dense (drill holes for nails) Decay and fire resistant Does not float

PRESSURE TREATED WOOD Wood susceptible to decay Forcing chemical preservatives into wood under high pressure Copper-containing (ACQ) Safest available Arsenicals (Not common anymore) Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) Health concerns Creasote Railroad ties

PRESSURE TREATED WOOD Concentration ratings ground contact (pounds per cubic foot)

PRESSURE TREATED WOOD SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE Structurally strong Dense Very susceptible to warping and shrinkage

PRESSURE TREATED WOOD Do not burn, toxic fumes Avoid prolonged inhalation of sawdust Wash after prolonged exposure

WOOD SIZE Nominal size: actual dimension of wood at the cutting mill Actual size: after milling (shrinkage and planing) 1" and less: 1/4" 2" to 6": 1/2" 8" and above: 3/4"

COMMON DIMENSIONS Lengths: 6', 8', 10'... Thickness and width 2" bys (2x4, 2x6, 2x8, 2x10 or 2x12) 4" x 4" or 4" x 6" 6" x 6"

COMMON DIMENSIONS PLYWOOD: thin layers of wood glued together 4'x8' sheets Thickness: 1/4", 1/2", 3/4", 5/8"... Exterior grade

GRADING: QUALITY SELECT and NO. 1 high grades No. 2 commonly used

GRADING: MOISTURE Moisture content Dried to less than 19% moisture to avoid rot (s-dry) >19% is green wood (s-grn)

GRADING: OTHER Mill Grading association Species

GRAIN Growth rings created by different growth rates throughout year Springwood: lighter band an softer Summerwood: dark and dense Fine grain: rings close together (slow grower) Coarse grain: rings far apart

HEARTWOOD Inner, inactive portion of trunk Plugged off and high resistance to rot

SAPWOOD Outer layer still active Not as decay resistant or structurally sound

QUALITY Warping, bowing, cupping, splitting Knots Result of limbs Reduces strength and workability

STORAGE Off ground Stacked neatly Covered and out of direct sun