Chapter 4: Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol Section 4.3LULUCF Projects

 Coordinating Lead Authors · Sandra Brown (USA), Omar Masera (Mexico)  Lead Authors Abdelkader Allali (Morocco), Vitus Ambia (Papua New Guinea), Barbara Braatz (USA), Markku Kanninen (Finland), Thelma Krug (Brazil), Daniel Martino (Uruguay), Richard Tipper (UK), Phanuel Oballa (Kenya), Jenny Wong (Malaysia)  Contributing Author · Ben de Jong (Mexico)  Review Editor · Soobaraj N Sok Appadu (Mauritius)

TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.3 LULUCF PROJECTS 4.3.1INTRODUCTION - Definition of Projects and relevance to Articles 6 and PROJECT BOUNDARIES 4.3.3MEASURING AND MONITORING CHANGES IN CARBON STOCKS AND NON-CO 2 GASES SAMPLING DESIGN FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON STOCKS MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF NON-CO 2 GASES MEASURING AND MONITORING CHANGES IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS FROM PROJECT OPERATION ACTIVITIES MONITORING ESTIMATION OF CHANGES IN CARBON STOCKS AND NON-CO 2 GREENHOUSE GASES 4.3.4QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL PLAN

PURPOSE OF THE SECTION  Existing IPCC Guidelines and good practice guidance directed to national greenhouse gas inventories (for reporting to the Convention or Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol)  No standard reference methods for LULUCF projects  Section provides good practice guidance on estimating, measuring and monitoring anthropogenic changes in C stocks and GHG emissions and removals resulting from LULUCF activities at the project level.  Measuring and monitoring changes in C stocks and GHG emissions/removals involve several challenges and specific circumstances.  Require application of higher tier methods, based on field measurements, or in combination with modelling approaches.

MEASURING AND MONITORING CHANGES IN CARBON STOCKS AND NON-CO 2 GASES Good practice guidance given for the designing and implementing a M&M plan for the project  development of a baseline  stratification of the project area to increase accuracy and precision  selection of carbon pools and non-CO2 GHGs - a decision matrix to illustrate the selection of pools for M&M  design of the sampling framework – particularly to decrease sampling error SOD further elaborated on above points with more details on methodologies, example results and equations

MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF NON-CO 2 GASES  LULUCF project activities may also result in changes in non-CO2 GHG emissions and removals  Biomass burning, livestock production, application of synthetic and organic fertilizers, cultivation of N fixing trees, peat flooding and drainage, ploughing that disturbs soils Table (Table 4.3.3) on sources of non-CO 2 gases, their emission or removal processes from such project activities Good practice to estimate these GHGs based upon project- specific activity data and site specific emission factors

MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF NON-CO 2 GASES Decision matrix (Table 4.3.4) providing guidance about which of the project activities that affect non- CO2 emissions and removals may occur in different types of LULUCF projects (A&R, FM, CM, GM, RV) Guides decisions about which activities should be considered for quantification and monitoring of non-CO2 emissions and removals Default methods, conversion factors and emission factors for these activities linked to Energy and Agriculture chapters of IPCC Guidelines, GPG2000 and Chap 3 of GPG

MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING OF NON-CO 2 GASES Information on the location of IPCC default methods and data and measurement techniques used for first approximations of changes in non-CO2 GHG emissions and removals due to LULUCF project activities Summarized in easy to use table format (Table 4.3.5)

MONITORING Additional guidance given on the use of monitoring and frequency of monitoring Good practice guidance for monitoring projects involving multiple small scale landholders Working on small but discrete parcels of land spread over a region Good practice to develop M&M protocols at 2 levels Project level Parcel level

OVERALL STATUS Overall section (FOD) was in good shape after first government review At KL meeting, group was able to address all the issues/questions raised during the first review. Additional details raised by the review have been incorporated in the section for the SOD Linkages with other chapters (3,5) on non- CO2 gases and sources of errors have been improved SOD now under review