Communication and The Nervous System Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to info essential to life processes.

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Presentation transcript:

Communication and The Nervous System Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to info essential to life processes.

Essential Knowledge 3E1: Individuals can act on info and communicate it to others 3E2:Animals have nervous systems that can detect external and internal signals, transmit and integrate info, and produce responses.

Orgs Exchange Info Respond to cue and change behavior. Ex: Protection of Young (Encircling )

Communicat ion: Signal Cues Produce changes in behavior that affect reproductive success. Ex: Terretorial Markings in Mammals

Animals use Cues to Indicate dominanc e..

Bird Songs

Natural Selection Favors Innate/Learned Behaviors that Increase Survival and Reproductive Fitness.

Mating of Fruit Flies

Cooperative Behavior Increases fitness and survival of population!

Animal Nervous Systems Used to detect external and internal signals, transmit and integrate info, and produce responses.

Neuron: Basic Cell of NS! Dendrites: Receive Info Cell Body: Fxnal Cell Myelin Schwann Cell Node of Ranvier Axon Terminal Nucleus

Messages are electrical signals called impulses. Detection Transmission Integration

Impulse Speed Increases with myelin (80% lipid, 20% protein) Myelin surrounds axon; acts as electric insulator Created from Schwann cells.

Dr. Connection: Multiple Sclerosis Inflammatory disease in which myelin around axons of nervous system is damaged  leads to demyelination and scarring.

Types of Neurons 1) sensory: carry impulses from sense organs to brain and spinal cord. 2) motor: carry impulse from brain and spinal cord to muscles. 3) Interneurons: connect sensory and motor

Sensory Interneuron Motor

Start the Message! Neurons must reach a threshold  stimulus that is required to activate a neuron.

1) Impulses move down neuron b/c of movement of ions across cell membrane. 2) At Resting potential: -70 mV, Active transport (ATP req’rd): Na+ out  K+ in. 3) Depolarization: Disturbance opens Na channels, lets lots of Na in. Chain reaction of Na opening  Action potential. 4) Repolarization: Restoring back to normal. Nerve Impulse Review

Signal reaches axon terminal. Tiny sacs filled w/ neurotransmitters are released into synapse  transmits info to neighboring dendrites. Passing of Impulse

Common Neurotransmitters All are chemical messengers that pass impulses across synapses to the next neuron. Examples: Acetylcholine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, GABA

Neurotransmitters Cause a response (muscle contraction, futher nerve response) Can be stimulatory or inhibitory

Parts of the Vertebrate Brain

Nervous System Neurotransmitters Research