GOVERNMENT Write words or draw pictures that come to mind about when you hear the word “government.” What is the reason or purpose for having a government?

FreedomsSecurity John Locke How he influenced the Constitution of the United States of America

SWBAT Define “political power.” Explain why a “Social Contract” is better than a “State of Nature. Explain how a “Social Contract” is necessary to avoid the “State of War.” List and describe three things that are required to ensure the preservation of property.

Just a question... Do you believe that humans are: –Naturally _____: Society and the environment are what corrupts them. –Naturally _____: Society and the social environment teach people how to be good. –_____ good or bad: Society and the social environment define whether or not people will become good or bad. –Some _________ of the above.

Hobbes Wrote Leviathan 1651 Introduced the State of _______ All had the right to –Do _________ and _________. –Self-preservation through self-________. This naturally brought man into _____. War is not in man’s _______ interest The only way out of war, is by entering into a ________ ________ under an ______ who will provide _________ and order.

“Leviathan” was the The _______ The ruling, protective _________ had complete ______ even to matters of religion and conscience. There is no separation of powers. The Leviathan was the Lawmaker, the Judge, and the Executioner. Who was in authority over the Leviathan / Monarch?

18 th Century Philosophy Emphasis on ______ and ______ Social progress = people _______ politics John Locke was a political philosopher –If Natural Laws were logical and could be “discovered” or “uncovered” (gravity) then so should there be discoverable / uncoverable political / social laws.

Natural Rights All men possess or are “granted” these by the Creator (“among these are...”) –_____ –_________ –_____________ (the right to have) Problem: the study of history shows these rights have often been ________

The Various States I.State of _________ NEVER LASTS II.State of _______ PERSISTS INDEFINITELY but individually it cannot last forever... III.Political / Civil Society ____________ ___________

§ 3 Political power Authorized to _____ ______ ____ _________s, even severe, to ensure protection of ________, and using the _______ of the _________ to enforce these rules –and protect from other groups; All this for the _______ of the group.

CHAP. II. Of the State of Nature Read §. 4, –What two words describe and characterize the State of Nature? ____________

State of Nature A state of Freedom and Equality Live by Natural Laws § 7 Everyone has ______ power and jurisdiction to enforce infringements on Freedom & Equality How? §

Do we live in a State of Nature? Do we have full Freedom and Equality? What would be another word for this state? Why?

How are Infringements handled? Ultimately,______ is the only option ( § 12) Ensures full ________ of your own Freedoms.

Once an Infringement begins, we are in a...

State of War Once one man attempts to place another under his absolute _____... _______ and ____________! §16 The transgressor has left “reason” and become a “wolf.”

§ 21 How about a Society? Under Social Contract there is a constant balancing of Natural Rights vs Security Why? To preserve... FreedomsSecurity Individuals ________ to become a community Government w/Political Power given over to _________ members of the group

& Protect Natural Rights ______ ___________ Preservation of ________

Preservation of Property What does a State of Nature “want” to achieve Preservation of Property? Ref to § 123. –§124 An established and known _____ –§125 An indifferent ______ –§126 Power to “_______,” carry out the law How far does Political Power extend? –§131 as far as the “common _______” –§ 3 “only for the public good.”

Back to § 3 Political power, reprise Authorized to make laws and penalties, even severe, to ensure preservation of property, and using the force of the community to enforce these rules –and protect from other groups; All this for the public good.

Are all Persons in a Social Contract? Babies? Objectors? Tyrants? Can more than one STATE exist at the same time among different persons? What is the ultimate desire of all Persons?

REBELLION!! When is rebellion against the standing government permitted? Refer to the opening paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence.

When is Rebellion Justified? § 202 Where-ever law ends, tyranny begins... § Leave nothing but anarchy and confusion § If a long train of actions shew... § 211 distinguish between dissolution of the society... And the government § The people are at liberty to provide for themselves, by erecting a new legislative... (For society can never lose its right to preserve itself)

Connect the Dots... Prove that you understand Locke’s explanation of the derivation of Political Power. –Quote a portion of the Declaration of Independence that was adapted from Locke’s Second Treatise of Government. What fat S did that DOI reference come from? –What principle of government do we practice based on Locke? In which fat S’s does that principle originate?

Locke Study Guide What three “states” does Locke describe? –Place them in their logical order and briefly explain each providing a quote from The Second Treatise on Government. What do individuals hope to gain by giving up certain freedoms? –Give an example of a freedom given up to gain a benefit. List three things that a “State of Nature” wants to achieve “preservation of property.” –Explain each of the three terms. Under what conditions can an established authority be rebelled against? Define the following terms: –State of Nature –Political Power –State of War –Social Contract Why do individuals move toward “social contracts?”

Fun (but not Extra Credit) Riddle me this: A man came into town on Friday. Three days later he left on Friday. Explain. Man Friday