Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen+ glucose->carbon dioxide+ water

Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Mitochondrion Section 9-1

Glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid. Two ATP molecules are needed as activation energy to produce 4 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9– 3 Glycolysis Section Pyruvic acid

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9– 3 Glycolysis Section Pyruvic acid

Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid Chemical Pathways Section 9-1

Glucose To the electron transport chain Figure 9– 3 Glycolysis Section Pyruvic acid

Glucose Pyruvic acid Lactic acid Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1

Fermentation When oxygen is not present, fermentation occurs. Fermentation releases energy from food by producing ATP with out oxygen. There are two types of fermentation Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

Glucose Pyruvic acid Lactic acid Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1

Glucose Pyruvic acid Lactic acid Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1

Flowchart Section 9-2 Glucose (C 6 H ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O) Cellular Respiration

Krebs Cycle Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria and in the presence of oxygen pyruvic acid ( from glycolysis) is broken down into carbon dioxide. Through a series of chemical reactions citric acid is formed and enters the krebs cycle (citric acid) to producing oxygen, ATP and NADH

Citric Acid Production Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

Citric Acid Production Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Mitochondrion

Electron Transport Chain

Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement ATP Production ATP synthase Channel Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Mitochondrion