Science Investigation Discussion of Results to Date & Future Work Red Deer Particulate Matter Information Session Maxwell Mazur

Work to Date: Red Deer PM Response Jan 2013 PM Exceedance Announced April 2013 Stakeholders notified Nov 2013 PAMZ Board Meeting Jan 2014 PM internal science investigation Individual meetings with City of Red Deer and PAMZ Present Investigation aims to answer seven questions Multi-pronged investigation based around high concentration events at Red Deer Riverside Based on historical data ( ) Modelling Other data from PAMZ and regional stations where relevant Capital Region PM Response Development Nov 2012 PAMZ Board Meeting

Work to Date: Investigation methodology Event day = > 19 μ g m -3 averaged over 24 hours Excludes forest fire related particulate matter Aligns with Action level for CAAQS Management Level Ozone Daily max 8h (ppb) PM 2.5 Annual (µg m -3 ) PM h (µg m -3 ) RedActions for Achieving Air Zone CAAQS Threshold (CAAQS) OrangeActions for Preventing CAAQS Exceedance Threshold YellowActions for Preventing AQ Deterioration Threshold GreenActions for Keeping Clean Areas Clean

Question 1: Is elevated PM 2.5 concentration a wintertime issue? Events most frequent in winter but may occur in all seasons

Question 2: What meteorological conditions are associated with PM 2.5 events? PM 2.5 events characterized by low wind speeds PM 2.5 events are most commonly associated with southerly winds

Question 3: Do PM 2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station? Multi-station events are observed frequently PM 2.5 events in Red Deer may coincide with PM 2.5 events in Edmonton and Calgary Similar emissions profiles and meteorology Time series: -Daily 24 hour average concentrations -Concentrations from 10 air quality monitoring stations

Question 3: Do PM 2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station? Spatial Average: -Interpolation of concentrations between 19 air quality stations -Estimation of ambient air quality based on available information -Illustrates changes in ambient concentrations over time and space

Question 3: Do PM 2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station? Regional Emissions profile –ie. Who contributes what? Large Facilities Upstream Oil & Gas Mobile & Area Emissions (tonnes/yr) PM %0.5%97%23,672 NO X 53%14%33%34,236 SO 2 71%18%10%1,688 Primary PM 2.5 Secondary PM 2.5 Precursor Gasses Non-point sources in the Red Deer Area

Question 3: Do PM 2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station? Secondary species: Can we determine who might contribute to the problem? No direct measurements of particulate matter speciation in Red Deer, however: NO 2 abundant, similar to Capital Region

Question 3: Do PM 2.5 events occur at multiple stations, or only at Riverside station? Engagement: –Can we identify where source contributions are focused? –Who can most effectively address the problem? Additional information: –Passive measurements of secondary PM 2.5 precusors Higher resolution than continuous (35 sites) Long-term averages (monthly) SO 2 /NO 2 /O 3 –Spatial distribution of sources: By interpolation between sites Corroborate emissions data

Continuing/ Future investigation and context related questions Continuing investigation: Question 2: What meteorological conditions are associated with PM 2.5 events? Future investigation: Question 4: Is there a relationship between PM 2.5 events at Riverside and traffic? Question 5: Are all PM 2.5 events similar? Context related questions: Question 6: Are the PM 2.5 events at Red Deer Riverside due to an analyzer switch? (FEM analyzer installed in 2009) Question 7: Are there notable differences at Red Deer Riverside due to instrument changes since 2009? (TEOM FDMS vs SHARP)