Chapter 5 The Criminal Justice System

Components of the Criminal Justice system The criminal justice system is far more than law enforcement officers. There are also lawyers, judges, prison gaurds, ect. The criminal justice system is far more than law enforcement officers. There are also lawyers, judges, prison gaurds, ect. The criminal justice system is composed of three district components: Police, Courts, and Corrections. The criminal justice system is composed of three district components: Police, Courts, and Corrections. The government has a big part in the Criminal Justice System. The government has a big part in the Criminal Justice System.

Crime Out of 15 million people, 87% of them change their daily activities due to their fear of crime. Out of 15 million people, 87% of them change their daily activities due to their fear of crime. Neighborhood Watch has been used to protect against criminal activities. Neighborhood Watch has been used to protect against criminal activities. Other jobs that have been created to help reduce crime include: Private investigators, Armored car services, Alarm Companies, ect. Other jobs that have been created to help reduce crime include: Private investigators, Armored car services, Alarm Companies, ect.

Courts In 1985 the following statistics show In 1985 the following statistics show Courts (Federal) 871 Courts (Federal) 871 Judges 26,228 Judges 26,228 Judges (Utah) 241 Judges (Utah) 241 Utah’s Courts are classified as limited, general, or appellate. Utah’s Courts are classified as limited, general, or appellate. Limited courts are the Justice and Juvenile Courts. Limited courts are the Justice and Juvenile Courts. General courts include the District Court. General courts include the District Court. Appellate courts hear cases on appeal from lower courts. Appellate courts hear cases on appeal from lower courts.

Courts (cont.) Jurisdiction Jurisdiction Original Jurisdiction Original Jurisdiction The court that the trial is first heard. The court that the trial is first heard. Exclusive Jurisdiction Exclusive Jurisdiction Signifies that there is only one type of court the case can be initiated. Signifies that there is only one type of court the case can be initiated. Concurrent Jurisdiction Concurrent Jurisdiction Two or more types of courts can hear the specific case. Two or more types of courts can hear the specific case.

Judge Selection and Retention There are four steps in selecting judges. There are four steps in selecting judges. Nomination Nomination Appointment Appointment Confirmation Confirmation Retention Election Retention Election

Appellate Courts Utah Supreme Court Utah Supreme Court The last resort in Utah The last resort in Utah Consists of 5 justices Consists of 5 justices Utah Court of Appeals Utah Court of Appeals Created in 1987 Created in 1987 Consists of 7 judges Consists of 7 judges Hears appeals from lower courts Hears appeals from lower courts

Trial Courts District Court District Court Small Claims Court Small Claims Court Drug Court Drug Court Domestic Violence Court Domestic Violence Court Justice Court Justice Court Juvenile Court Juvenile Court

Pre-trial Processing Identification of Arrestee Identification of Arrestee Body search Body search Figure Printing Figure Printing Mug shot Mug shot

Utah Judicial System 5 Supreme Court Justices 7 Court of Appeals Judges 68 District Court Judges 128 Justice Court Judges 22 Juvenile Court Judges 6 Court Commissioners

Citation Arrest & Summons Citation Arrest Citation Arrest Offender is given a citation assuming that the defendant will appear in court. Offender is given a citation assuming that the defendant will appear in court. Summons Summons A court order to summon the defendant to court A court order to summon the defendant to court

The Jury The Jury usually consists of 12 jurors. The Jury usually consists of 12 jurors. The potential jurors go through a process called voir dire examination. The potential jurors go through a process called voir dire examination. The pass a verdict ¾ of the jurors have to agree. The pass a verdict ¾ of the jurors have to agree.

Corrections Corrections agencies Corrections agencies Department of Corrections Department of Corrections Board of Pardons and Parole Board of Pardons and Parole Adult Probation and Parole Adult Probation and Parole Department of Social Services Department of Social Services Sheriff’s Office jail staffs Sheriff’s Office jail staffs Juvenile probation units Juvenile probation units

Corrections History Early mans form of corrections was an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Early mans form of corrections was an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. In the middle ages the government organized the Feudal System, which was a harsh method of corrections. In the middle ages the government organized the Feudal System, which was a harsh method of corrections. Criminals were often executed for the crime they committed. Criminals were often executed for the crime they committed.

Corrections History (cont.) In England during the 1800’s, over 300 crimes were punishable by death In England during the 1800’s, over 300 crimes were punishable by death Some of these were punishable to children at the age of eight. Some of these were punishable to children at the age of eight. America in the early 1900’s would use prisoners to work in factories and in building roads. America in the early 1900’s would use prisoners to work in factories and in building roads. The official goal of corrections now days is rehabilitation through programs which include probation, parole, and pre-release programs. The official goal of corrections now days is rehabilitation through programs which include probation, parole, and pre-release programs.

Corrections History (cont.) Probation Probation A person on probation is considered by the judge as a minimal threat to society, and he/she feels that the defendant will rehabilitate with the help of a probation officer who will track their daily life. A person on probation is considered by the judge as a minimal threat to society, and he/she feels that the defendant will rehabilitate with the help of a probation officer who will track their daily life.

Corrections History (cont.) Parole Parole Parole is a system for releasing prisoners from custody before their prison term has been completed. Parole is a system for releasing prisoners from custody before their prison term has been completed. Much like probation a parolee has to abide by many strict rules and guidelines. If he/she fails to comply with the rules they may be thrown back in prison to finish their prison term. Much like probation a parolee has to abide by many strict rules and guidelines. If he/she fails to comply with the rules they may be thrown back in prison to finish their prison term.

Corrections History (cont.) Pre-release Programs Pre-release Programs Work-release Work-release Visit family for a weekend so the family can stay together during the persons sentence Visit family for a weekend so the family can stay together during the persons sentence Conjugal Visits (only in some states) where prisoners can spend private time with their spouse. Conjugal Visits (only in some states) where prisoners can spend private time with their spouse. Half-way House Half-way House Used to expose prisoners to society to fully rehabilitate them. Used to expose prisoners to society to fully rehabilitate them.

Intermediate Sentence and Diversion Intermediate Sentence Intermediate Sentence Another form of rehabilitation Another form of rehabilitation If an inmate has a lot of good time they can be released early pending the approval of the judge. If an inmate has a lot of good time they can be released early pending the approval of the judge. Diversion Diversion It is most like probation except it occurs before the trial. It could possibly save the defendant from a criminal record and imprisonment It is most like probation except it occurs before the trial. It could possibly save the defendant from a criminal record and imprisonment

Recidivism The rate of return a paroled or released person is back in prison. The rate of return a paroled or released person is back in prison. Can occur for several reasons which include Can occur for several reasons which include Committing another criminal act Committing another criminal act Violating the rules of parole Violating the rules of parole

Forfeiture Forfeiture is the seizure of property derived from or used in criminal activity Forfeiture is the seizure of property derived from or used in criminal activity Civil Forfeiture Civil Forfeiture The proceeding involving property used in a criminal activity. It includes vehicles, equipment or land the crime was committed on. The proceeding involving property used in a criminal activity. It includes vehicles, equipment or land the crime was committed on. Criminal Forfeiture Criminal Forfeiture Is part of the criminal action taken against the defendant accused of racketeering or drug trafficking. Is part of the criminal action taken against the defendant accused of racketeering or drug trafficking. Requires defendant to forfeit various property rights and interests related to the violation. Requires defendant to forfeit various property rights and interests related to the violation.

The End