What are the parts of DNA? Vocabulary word for chapter 6

Chromosomes coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division

Mutation a change in the order of the bases in an organism’s DNA; deletion, insertion, or substitution

Deletion a form of mutation where a nitrogen base is left out of a sequence of DNA during copying

Insertion a form of mutation where an extra nitrogen base is added to a sequence of DNA during copying

Substitution a form of mutation where a nitrogen base is replaced by an incorrect nitrogen base to a sequence of DNA during copying

Mutagen anything that can damage or cause changes in DNA

Mitosis Cell division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes

Meiosis cell division that produces sex cells

Adenine – pairs with thymine Thymine – pairs with adenine Guanine – pairs with cytosine Cytosine – pairs with guanine

Nucleic acid a biochemical that stores information needed to build proteins and other nucleic acids; made up of subunits called nucleotides

Nucleotide a subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases

DNA replication: The process whereby a copy of a DNA molecule is made and thus the genetic information it contains is duplicated.

Enzymes: Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions. Enzymes have to operate in certain environment conditions (such as at thirty seven degrees Celsius in humans) to operate correctly

Genetic Code: a sequence of three nucleic acid bases (a triplet) acts as a codeword (codon) for one amino acid.

Locus – the position of a gene within a DNA molecule