Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Do Now: Aim: What is an arithmetic sequence and series? Find the next three numbers in the sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,... Fibonacci sequence, first published in book titled, Liber abaci, in 1202 by Leonardo of Pisa. Dealt with reproductive rights of rabbits. Leonardo also introduced algebra in Europe from the mideast. Algebra was occasionally referred to as Ars Magna, “the Great Art”. recursive – 1 or more of the first terms are given – all other terms are defined by using the previous terms pattern found in nature sequence – a set of ordered numbers

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Fibonacci Patterns Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male, one female, are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month a female can produce another pair of rabbits. Suppose that our rabbits never die and that the female always produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month on. The puzzle that Fibonacci posed was... How many pairs will there be in one year?

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Fibonacci Patterns If we take the ratio of two successive numbers in Fibonacci's series, (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,..) and we divide each by the number before it, we will find the following series of numbers: 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3 / 2 = 1·5, 5/3 = 1·666..., 8/5 = 1·6, 13/8 = 1·625, 21/13 = 1· approached the Golden Ratio - 

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Sequence 4, 8, 12, 16, If the pattern is extended, what are the next two terms? How is this sequence different from the famous Fibonacci sequence? 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24,... positive integers terms of sequence

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem Write the rule that can be used in forming a sequence 1, 4, 9, 16,..., then use the rule to find the next three terms of the sequence. positive integers terms of sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem Write the first five terms of the sequence where rule for the n th term is represented by n + 2 positive integers terms of sequence n

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Definition of Arithmetic Sequence A sequence is arithmetic if the differences between consecutive terms are the same. Sequence a 1, a 2, a 3, a 4,..... a n,... is arithmetic if there is a number d such that a 2 – a 1 = d, a 3 – a 2 = d, a 4 – a 3 = d, etc. The number d is the common difference on the arithmetic sequence. Each term after the first is the sum of the preceding term and a constant, c. 7, 11, 15, 19, = d 2, -3, -8, -13, = d 4n + 3,... 7 – 5n,... finite infinite 1 st termn th term

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. The n th Term of an Arithmetic Sequence The n th term of an arithmetic sequence has the form a n = dn + c where d is the common difference between consecutive terms of the sequence and c = a 1 – d Find a formula for the n th term of the arithmetic sequence whose common difference is 3 and whose first term is 2. a 1 = 2 a n = dn + c a n = 3n – 1 2 = 3(1) + ca n = dn + cc = -1 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,..., 3n – 1,... An alternative form of the nth term is a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d 7, 11, 15, 19, = d 4n + 3,...

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem Find the twelfth term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 8, 13, 18,.... d = 5 a n = dn + c c = a 1 – d a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d a 12 = ? a 12 = 3 + (12 – 1)5 a 12 = 3 + (11)5 = 58 Rule?a n = dn + cc = a 1 – d c = 3 – 5 = -2 a n = 5n – 2 18 = 5(4) – 2 check:

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem The fourth term of an arithmetic sequence is 20, and the 13 th term is 65. Write the first several terms of this sequence. a 13 = 9d + a 4 65 = 9d + 20 a 4 = 5(4) + c20 = 5(4) + c a n = 5n , 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,... a n = dn + c 5 = d 0 = c a n = dn + c

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Regents Problem Find the first four terms of the recursive sequence defined below. a 1 = -3 a n = a (n – 1) – n a 2 = a (2 – 1) – 2 a 2 = a (1) – 2 a 2 = -3 – 2 = -5 a 3 = a (3 – 1) – 3 a 3 = a (2) – 3 a 3 = -5 – 3 = -8 a 4 = a (4 – 1) – 4 a 4 = a (3) – 4 a 4 = -5 – 4 = , -5, -8, -12

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Do Now: Aim: What is an arithmetic sequence and series? Regents Problem What is the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence -1, 3, 7, 11,...

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Regents Problem What is the 10 th term of the arithmetic sequence -1, 3, 7, 11,... a 10 = -1 + (10 – 1)4 a 10 = -1 + (9)5 = 44 a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d d = 4

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Arithmetic Series A series is the expression for the sum of the terms of a sequence. finite sequence 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 infinite sequence 3, 7, 11, 15,... finite series infinite series a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a 5 a 1, a 2, a 3, a 4, a 5 a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a a 1, a 2, a 3, a 4,...

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Find the following sum The Sum of an Arithmetic Sequence: Series The sum of a finite arithmetic sequence with n terms is An arithmetic series is the indicated sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence. Is this an arithmetic sequence? Why? d = 2 10 terms n = 10 a 1 = 1 a n = 19 When famous German mathematician Karl Gauss was a child, his teacher required the students to find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers. The teacher expected this problem to keep the class busy for some time. Gauss gave the answer almost immediately. Can you?

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. In an arithmetic series, if a 1 is the first term, n is the number of terms, a n is the n th term, and d is the common difference, then S n the sum of the arithmetic series, is given by the formulas: The Sum of an Arithmetic Sequence: Series or

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem Find the sum of the first ten terms of an arithmetic sequence whose first term is 5 and whose 10 th term is -13. a 1 = 5 a 10 = -13

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem Find the sum of the first fifty terms of an arithmetic sequence a 1 = 5 a 50 = ? a n = dn + c c = a 1 – d a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d d = 2, n = 50 a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d a n = 3 + (50 – 1)2 = 101

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem – Option 2 Find the sum of the first fifty terms of an arithmetic sequence a 1 = 5d = 2, n = 50

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Application A small business sells $10,000 worth of products during its first year. The owner of the business has set a goal of increasing annual sales by $7,500 each year for 9 years. Assuming that this goal is met, find the total sales during the first 10 years this business is in operation. a 1 = a n = 7500n d = 7500c = – 7500 = 2500 a 10 = 7500(10) = 77500

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Application A man wishes to pay off a debt of $1,160 by making monthly payments in which each payment after the first is $4 more than that of the previous month. According to this plan, how long will it take him to pay the debt if the first payment is $20 and no interest is charged? S n = 1160 d = 4a 1 = $20n = ?

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Arithmetic Means The terms between any two nonconsecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence are called arithmetic means. In the sequence below, 38 and 49 are the arithmetic means between 27 and 60. 5, 16, 27, 38, 49, 60 arithmetic means between 27 & 60 simple example: insert one arithmetic mean between 16 and 20 a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d 20 = 16 + (2)d d = 2 a n = a 3 = 20 a 1 = 16 (n – 1) = 3 – 1 = 2 16, 18, 20

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem Write an arithmetic sequence that has five arithmetic means between 4.9 and 2.5. a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d 2.5 = (6)d d = -0.4 a n = a 7 = 2.5 a 1 = 4.9 n = 7 4.9, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, 2.5 a 2 = (-0.4) = a 3 = (-0.4) = 4.1 a 4 = (-0.4) = 3.7 a 5 = (-0.4) = 3.3 a 6 = (-0.4) =

Aim: Arithmetic Sequence Course: Alg. 2 & Trig. Model Problem Mrs. Gonzales sells houses and makes a commission of $3750 for the first house sold. She will receive a $500 increase in commission for each additional house sold. How many houses must she sell to reach total commissions of $65000? S n = 65000a 1 = 3750d = 500 a n = a 1 + (n – 1)d n = and –24.58 She must sell 11 houses.