2011 © McGraw-Hill Higher Education Music: An Appreciation 10 th Edition by Roger Kamien Part IX Music for Stage and Screen

Ch. 1 - Musical Theater Musical, or musical comedy fuses script, acting, speech, music, singing, dancing, costumes, scenery, & spectacle Originally designed for stage presentation Film versions soon followed Similar to opera, but musical has spoken dialog Development of the Musical Roots go back to operetta, or comic opera Show Boat (1927) topic: interracial romance Some musicals were political/social statements Until 1960’s, songs mostly traditional (AABA) Musical mostly untouched by the rock revolution Sometimes called Broadway musical

Ch. 2 - Leonard Bernstein West Side Story: Re-telling of Romeo and Juliet set in the slums of New York. Shakespeare's feuding families become rival gangs (Jets—Americans and Sharks—Puerto Ricans).

Listening Tonight Ensemble from West Side Story (1957) by Leonard Bernstein Listening Outline: p. 499 Basic Set, CD 9:42 Brief Set, CD 5:59 This melody is from an earlier fire-escape (balcony) scene. Here, Tony & Maria (the lovers) plan to meet, while Riff (Jets leader) and Bernardo (Sharks leader, Maria’s brother) each plan for the coming fight.

Ch. 3 - Music in Film Early Film Music 1890’s Functions and Styles of Film Music Provides momentum & continuity Suggests mood, atmosphere, character, and dramatic action Most music is commissioned for specific films Creating Film Music Up to 1950 – studios housed resident orchestra & musicians Since 1960 – freelance musicians

Listening Vertigo (1958) Directed by Alfred Hitchcock Music by Bernard Herrmann [video clip available through ConnectKamien] Tower Scene – Madeleine runs into the church and rushes up to the bell tower. Scottie follows, but vertigo slows him. He doesn’t reach her in time. Music: string tremolos, dissonant chords, rapid whirring ostinato suggests terror & frenzied motion