Pertemuan 06 Specific Psychological Condition and Fitness To Stand Trial I Pertemuan 06 Matakuliah: L Psikologi Forensik Tahun: Feb -2010

Psychopathy or Other Coping Strategies Insufficient individual-based research Public exposure  Malingering  NGRI

Most NGRI Patients are Schizophrenic (Rogers & Shuman, 2000) DisorderPercentage Schizophrenic62.2 Personality disorder 12.0 Organic disorder or mental retardation 5.8 Mood disorder 5.0 Other11.6

Legal Mechanism To Bring Offenders to Justice Fitness To Stand Trial NCRMD  Re-examination every 2 years

Canada (1894) Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity (NGRI) a person is insane when... Is in a state of natural imbecility or has disease of the mind to an extent that renders him incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of an act or omission or of knowing that an act or omission is wrong.

Canada (1992) - NCRMD Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder No person is criminally responsible for an act committed or an omission made while suffering from a mental disorder that rendered that person incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of an act or omission or of knowing that an act or omission is wrong. Criminal Code s. 16

25 Who is Found NCRMD? White single maleWhite single male Late 20’s early 30’sLate 20’s early 30’s A history of psychiatric hospitalizationsA history of psychiatric hospitalizations Unemployed, w/o grade 12Unemployed, w/o grade 12 PsychoticPsychotic Tends to have committed a non-violent crimeTends to have committed a non-violent crime

Looking For The Proper ‘Punishment’ Imprisonment ? Henry (2003) Capital Punishment (death sentence) ? Meloy (1990) Rehabilitation, Treatment, Reintegration If found NGRI / NCRMD

Definition DSM-IV-TR : Psychopathy  Anti-social Personality Disorder ICD-10 : Psychopathy  Sociopathy or Dissocial Personality Disorder

Some traits shared by psychopaths Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Hare (Guilford Press, 1999) Emotions: Glib, superficial, arrogant, narcissistic,Glib, superficial, arrogant, narcissistic, Ruthless and short-temperedRuthless and short-tempered Distinct lack of empathyDistinct lack of empathy No conscience or sense of remorse.No conscience or sense of remorse.Relationships: Few close relationships and deceitful,Few close relationships and deceitful, Incredibly manipulative and charming despite shallow emotions.Incredibly manipulative and charming despite shallow emotions.

Some traits shared by psychopaths (con’d) Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Hare (Guilford Press, 1999) Lifestyle: IrresponsibleIrresponsible ImpulsiveImpulsive Sensation seekingSensation seeking Quite rational and able to act in real worldQuite rational and able to act in real world  Martens (2002): incomplete because emotional suffering and loneliness are ignored  Martens (2002): incomplete because emotional suffering and loneliness are ignored Early personal and social problems often develop into anti-social behaviour later in life.Early personal and social problems often develop into anti-social behaviour later in life. Three typical signs in childhood (MacDonald Triad): Enuresis / cruelty to animals / fire-setting

Some traits shared by psychopaths (con’d) Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Hare (Guilford Press, 1999) Hare Psychopathy-Checklist [Revised] Incidence: Estimated two million psychopaths in North America. Causes: Not scientifically known. Studies suggest a combination of nature and nurture, including abnormal brain functioning. No effective therapy. No rehabilitation.

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