Bones, Joints, and Muscles B Identify and describe the structure and function of major body systems.

Types of Bones Skull Bones Backbones Trunk Bones Arm and Leg Bones

Skull Bones  Surrounds Brain  Gives Shape to Head  Protects the Brain  Cheek Bones, Part of the Nose and Jaw Bones

Backbones  Made of 26 small bones  Stacked on Top of Each Other  Supports Body Weight and Head  Protects Nerves of Spinal Cord

Trunk Bones MMMMade of Ribs and Hipbones TTTTwelve Pairs of Ribs Protect the Heart and Lungs RRRRibs Connect to Upper Spine HHHHipbones Connect to Lower Spine

Arm and Leg Bones AAAArms and Legs Made of Long Bones HHHHands and Feet Made of Short Bones LLLLarge, Thick Bones Support Body PPPPalm of Each Hand has Five Bones FFFFingers on One Hand have 14 Bones

Healthy Bones  Blood Vessels and Nerves in Center of Bones  Blood Contains Vitamins and Minerals  Bones Continue Growing Until Early Twenties  Need Good Diet to Maintain  Calcium for Strong Bones

Joints  Joints – Place where two bones meet.  4 Types of Joint –Hinge –Fixed –Ball and Socket -Pivot Ligament – Strong, tough fibers which hold bones together at joints Ligament – Strong, tough fibers which hold bones together at joints Sprain – Condition that occurs when ligaments are stretched and torn. Sprain – Condition that occurs when ligaments are stretched and torn.

Joints  Types of Joints –Hinge  Allows for movement back and forth –Elbow –Fixed  Joint that moves very little –Skull –Ball and Socket  Allows for movement in a large circle –Shoulder –Pivot  Allows bones to move in a twisting motion –Wrist

Muscles  Special tissues which move body parts and shape the body. –Voluntary Muscles  Move when you think about moving them. –Involuntary Muscles  Work and move on their own.

Types of Muscles  Cardiac Muscle –Heart Muscle  Smooth Muscles –Involuntary muscles of your body organs.  Skeletal Muscles –Surround the bone allowing you to move your bones.

Muscles Continued  Tendon – Tough, white tissue which attach muscle to bone.  Contracted Muscle – A muscle that becomes tighter and shorter  Relaxed Muscle – A muscle that becomes longer and looser Relaxed Muscle Contracted Muscle