1 Revised program (morning) Introduction to Aalborg University and how it uses Problem Based Learning: Structure of the University Controlling the studies Courses PBL and Project Work What is a Project ? Getting started with a Project - exercise

2 Structure of Aalborg University University Senate Rectorate Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Engi- neering and Sc. Faculty of Social Science Departments Study Programmes

3 Secretary and labs Research Teaching Structure of Aalborg University University Senate Rectorate Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Engi- neering and Sc. Faculty of Social Science Institute of Elec- tronic Systems Study Programmes

4 Project work Course activities Secretary and labs Research Teaching Structure of Aalborg University University Senate Rectorate Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Engi- neering and Sc. Faculty of Social Science Institute of Elec- tronic Systems Computer Eng. Electronic and.

5 Working tasks for VIP’s ProfessorAssociated Professor Assistent Professor Ph.D. student Research40% 50%80% Teaching50% 40%20% Administra- tion 10% 0%

6 Study board for Electronics and Information Technology

7 Controlling the studies Study Regulations: General regulations Sector’s, lines or specialization’s –Objectives and content 4.6. INTELLIGENT AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS Objectives and contents of the specialisation The objectives of the specialisation in Intelligent Autonomous Systems are summarised as follows: to provide students with knowledge in modelling of mechanical systems such as spacecraft, ships, and mobile robots, enable the student to apply modern methods of control to problems related to autonomous systems, to analyse methods of state observation, parameter estimation and sensor fusion in mechanical systems, to provide students with a comprehension of supervisory control, fault-tolerant control and fault detection, to let students analyse software architectures for autonomous systems. The courses include necessary general theoretical topics within process control for autonomous systems but modules are also made available in scientific communication and proficiency in English language for those who need it.

8 Controlling the studies Study Regulations: General regulations Sector’s, lines or specialization’s –Objectives and content Specific semesters –Theme SPRING Semester – Intelligent Autonomous Systems THEME: Modelling and Control PERIOD: 1 February - 30 June PURPOSE: To give knowledge and comprehension of optimal and robust control theory. To give the students the ability to analyse modern control methods for multi input/multi output systems. To give students the ability to apply modelling methods and control synthesis for advanced mechanical systems. CONTENTS: The project is based on a problem of control and supervision of an autonomous system. The model of the mechanical system has to be derived. The vital part of the project is the choice of the set of actuators and sensors for onboard application. Different control strategies have to be investigated and compared. The supervisor system responsible for autonomy onboard has to be designed. The chosen solution has to be implemented on a real time platform and tested, either by the computer simulations or dedicated hardware. COURSES: Courses will be given in the field of modelling of mechanical systems, supervisory and fault tolerant control, and modern control theory. EXAM: The external oral examination is based on the prepared project documentation. Each student is marked according to the 13-scale.

9 Controlling the studies Study Regulations: General regulations Sector’s, lines or specialization’s –Objectives and content Specific semesters –Theme –Projects Model based tracking for navigation Background As part of an ongoing research project (with Computer Science AAU and The Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences) an autonomous vehicle is developed which navigates autonomously in the field. The aim is to reduce the inputs to the field and monitor the growth of the individual plants, thereby providing obvious environmental and economic advantages over more traditional farming. Purpose It is important in such applications to both navigate accurately in the field but also to be able to identify individual plants. The aim in this project is to use perspective images captures from a camera mounted on the front of the vehicle to provide estimates of structure of the crop rows as well as position of the individual plants. The focus will not be on the image analysis but on sensor fusion with non-vision sensors mounted on the vehicle e.g. wheel encoders, differential GPS as well as integration of information about the known structure of the field. The aim is to use all available information on the autonomous vehicle in order to achieve the best possible estimates of the vehicle and individual plant position (in the order of cm). Methods The project will include: Modeling of vehicle system and plant pattern in the camera image Prediction of the crop structure based on the system models as well as previous measurements (images and data from sensors) Estimation of vehicle position and orientation as well as plant position Algorithms are simulated in the laboratory on simple setup. If possible the algorithms are applied to data acquired in the field.

10 Controlling the studies Study Regulations: General regulations Sector’s, lines or specialization’s –Objectives and content Specific semesters –Theme –Projects –Courses Study related courses (SE): Fault Detection and Automated Systems Modelling of Mechanical Systems Controller Structures Modelling of Mechanical Systems II Engineering Responsibilities Project related courses (PE): Robust Control Optimal Control Supervisory Control Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Project Management and Team Building

11 Controlling the studies Study Regulations: General regulations Sector’s, lines or specialization’s –Objectives and content Specific semesters –Theme –Projects –Courses –Semester group

12 Teaching task’s Project Project courses lectures seminar Study courses and lectures Examination 50% - 33% 50% - 67% Lecturer/instructor Supervisor: Advisor and facilitator Examinor/censor Examinor Structure of a semester:

13 Courses Description Course Description Optimal Control Theory Purpose: To give the students knowledge in optimal control and practical experience with optimal control strategies based on minimisation of a performance index. Contents: Dynamic programming LQ control Introduction of reference and disturbance conditions Introduction of integral conditions Use of observer, LQG control The position of closed loop poles Prerequisites: Analogue and Digital Control (FP6-4, PR6-1, PR6-2), Stochastic systems (FP6-3, FP8-5) Duration: 1 module Category: Project theme course (PE- course)

14 Courses Description Placed in a timetable for the semester

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17 Courses Each lesson/lecture (Mini module): Duration 3 hours 45 minutes (½ day) 2 lectures app. 45 min each Exercises in groups, app. 2 hours –The lecturer is now instructor The purpose of the combination of lectures/exercises is to increase the comprehension of the curriculum

18 Courses Differences between project course (PE) and study course (SE) Examination –PE has no formal examination by the lecturer, it is examined during the project examination by the supervisor –SE is examined by the lecturer, normally as a written examination (passed/non passed) Exercises –PE is used in the project, exercises is examples –In SE the student must learn to solve examination exercises

19 Coffee break until 10.30

20 Problem-based learning and/or Project Work Why use these pedagogical ideas? To emphasize learning instead of teaching: Learning is not like pouring water into a glass Learning is an active process of investigation and creation based on the learners interest, curiosity and experience and should result in expanded insights, knowledge and skills

21 Comparing two models teamwork selfdirected learning problembased learning interdisciplinary exemplarity Study groups working individually thematic blocks individual assessment/exam Project groups working on a common product thematic semester ½ year group assessment/examination

22 Aalborg model a project each semester each group has a group room group size of 6-8 students first year, 2-3 students the last year each group has at least one supervisor self selected group and projects within themes and disciplines group assessment

23 Project Organization The group have to choose a task or problem and set up their own objectives for the project Every project is a unique and complex task The students have to be active in the seeking and learning processes, which may lead to a deeper understanding Teamwork

24 Problem-oriented – what is that? Wondering Asking questions Draw up contrasts Learning is about posting questions

25 Problem-based awareness Problem-based: Methodical objectives Based on experience The student is in control Interdisciplinary Discipline-based: Technical objectives Based on subjects Teacher is in control One discipline at a time

26 The four phase model of a Project Analyse Design Implementation Test Industriel Project Student Project too broad Student Project too narrow The ideal Student Project

27 Why is analysing important? LP Wife Water What shall I do to get to my wife?

28 How to start analysing – presentation of two tools The six W- model Post It Brain storm 1.Everybody write notes on post it laps for 5 min 2.All laps is placed on the blackboard 3.You read up all the laps 4.All go to the blackboard and together you structure the brain storm Problem How? Why? What? Where? When? Whom?

29 Exercise Choose a problem that you as a group think could make a good learning project Use the Post-it brain storm to make a first ”analyse” of the problem and create a structure for the following analyse Make a list of technical subjects that the students would need to know about (e.g. have a course) to solve the problem

30 Project example In a danish brewery there is too much noise emitted in the production hall, due to the bottles. How can the noise be reduced ?

31 Lunch until 13.30