C5- IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Let us buy some Blade Servers!

Invest on hardware and software technologies that are cost-effective, efficient, and energy-saving.

3 Input – Process - Output

4 IT Infrastructure Fit 1. Technological –hardware/software needed to operate Capacity, speed 2. Service –Services provided by the IT infrastructure Computing platforms, telecommunicatio ns, data management, etc.

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5-18 A client/server network Web Server Application Server

7 What’s in the future! Moore’s Law The power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months Computing power doubles every 18 months The price of computing falls by half every 18 months Law of Mass Digital Storage The amount of digital information is roughly doubling every year The cost of storage is falling at an exponential rate of 100 percent per year Metcalf’s Law The value of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members

Standards- A common Language American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) (1958) Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL) (1959) Unix (1969–1975) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (1974) Ethernet (1973) IBM/Microsoft/Intel Personal Computer (1981) World Wide Web (1989–1993) Acceptance of standards to govern specifications and compatibility of technology

9 Network Effects Declining Communications Costs and the Internet –Rapid decline in costs of communication and the exponential growth in the size of the Internet

7 Components of an IT infrastructure

16 Consulting and System Integration Most firms today, even large firms, cannot develop their systems without significant outside help Must ensure new systems integrate with legacy systems Consulting and systems integration is a lucrative market

5-38 Hardware Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies Integration of Computing & Telecommunications –Increasingly, computing takes place over the network –Client level: The integration of cell phones and PDAs –Server level: The integration of voice telephone and the Internet bring together two historically separate and distinct global networks –The network in many respects is the source of computing power

17 Grid Computing Involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network capable of working in parallel on business problems that require short-term access to large computational capacity Rather than purchase huge mainframes or super computers, firms can chain together thousands of smaller desktop clients into a single computing grid Enabled by high-speed Internet

Utility Computing also called on-demand computing Peak times off-load to a remote and large-scale data processing center. Example  CIBC out sources to HP  28,000 ;  41,000 desktops PCs,  4,500 ATMs, and  10,000 POS terminals.

Autonomic Computing Computer systems (both hardware and software) have become so complex that the cost of managing them has risen Thirty to fifty percent of a company’s IT budget is spent preventing or recovering from system crashes Operator error is the most common cause of crashes Autonomic computing is an industry-wide effort to develop systems that configure, heal, and protect themselves

Edge Computing 20 A multi-tier, load-balancing scheme for Web-based applications Processing load is distributed closer to the user and handled by smaller, lower-cost servers

Software Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies 5-48 Five themes in Software Platform Evolution: –Linux and open-source software –Java –Enterprise software –Web services and Service-Oriented Architecture –Software outsourcing

Linux and Open Source 23 Open-source software is free and can be modified by users Developed and maintained by a worldwide network of programmers and designers under the management of user communities Linux is the most widely used open-source software program. Linux is an operating system derived from Unix

Java 24 Java is an operating system-independent, processor- independent, object-oriented programming language The leading interactive programming environment for the Web

Enterprise Integration 25 Priority of integrating legacy systems with newer Web-based applications Growth of enterprise-wide applications Use of middleware to create an interface or bridge Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) software packages connect disparate applications

5-48 Software Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies

Web Services 27 Web services refers to a set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using Web communication standards and languages Foundation technology is XML (eXtensible Markup Language), a more powerful and flexible language than HTML Service-oriented architecture (collection of Web services) ‏ Major vendors provide tools for building software using Web services

Software Outsourcing 28 Today large and small firms purchase most of their software from outside vendors. Three kinds of outsourcing:  Purchase of software packages  Using application service providers (may rent) ‏  Custom outsourcing

Sources of Software 29 Software package  Prewritten off-the-shelf software Application Service Providers (ASP):  A business that delivers and manages applications and computer services from remote computer centers to multiple users using the Internet or a private network Software outsourcing  Contract the development of custom software

Management Challenges 25 Making wise infrastructure investments Choosing and coordinating infrastructure components Dealing with infrastructure change  scalability Management and governance Model total cost of ownership (TCO) ‏