Title of the slide Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector and J-M Ayala A), B. Bolzon B), P. Cara C), N. Chauvin B), D. Chel B), D. Gex C), R. Gobin B), F. Harrault B), R. Heidinger C), R. Ichimiya D), A. Ihara D), Y. Ikeda D), A. Kasugai D), T. Kikuchi D), T. Kitano D), J. Knaster A), M. Komata D),, K. Kondo D), S. Maebara D), A. Marqueta A), S. Ohira D), M. Perez A), G. Phillips C), G. Pruneri A), K. Sakamoto D), F. Scantamburlo A), F. Senee B), K. Shinto D), M. Sugimoto D), H. Takahashi D), H. Usami D), M. Valette B) A) IFMIF/EVEDA Project Team, Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan B) Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA/Saclay, France C) F4E, Fusion for Energy, BFD Department, Garching, Germany D) JAEA, Rokkasho Fusion Research Institute, Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan Yoshikazu OKUMURA IFMIF/EVEDA Project Team

What is IFMIF ? 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector /12/2014 Current Status of IFMIF, FPA 35 th Annual Meeting and Symposium 2 IFMIF （ International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) is an accelerator based neutron source using Li(d,n) reactions aiming at providing a material irradiation database for the design, construction, licensing, and safe operation of DEMO.

IFMIF/EVEDA Project under BA Activities 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 3 Since 2007, IFMIF/EVEDA (Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities) under the Broader Approach Agreement between EU and Japan Validation Activities: 1. Accelerator Facility 2.Target facility 3. Test Facility 7 countries involved with the respective main research labs in Europe and main labs and universities in Japan

IFMIF Concept 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 4 L M H Test Cell High(>20 dpa/y, 0.5 L) Medium(>1 dpa/y, 6 L) Low( 8 L) Accelerator (125 mA x 2) 100 keV 5 MeV MeV HEBT Injector 140 mA D + LEBT RFQ MEBT RF Power System Half Wave Resonator Superconducting Linac Beam shape: 200 x 50 mm 2 Lithium Target 25 ±1 mm thick, 15 m/s Engineering Validation IFMIF/EVEDA in BA  IFMIF consists of two deuteron linear accelerators, free surface liquid lithium target, test cell, and the post irradiation examination facility.

IFMIF/EVEDA Project in Rokkasho 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 5 ★ Rokkasho IFMIF/EVEDA Accelerator Building (for LIPAc) IFMIF/EVEDA Accelerator Building (for LIPAc) Cafeteria DEMO R&D Building Administration & Research Building Computer Simulation & Remote Experimentaion Building A new research center was established in Rokkasho for Broader Approach activities in 2007.

Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 6 6 Injector （ 100keV ） Radio Frequency Quadropole （ RFQ)(0.1MeV-5MeV) Super-Conduction Linac (5MeV-9MeV) Building, Auxiliary System, Control Beam Dump (1.1MW/CW) RF Power Supply

LIPAc installation in Rokkasho 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 7  Injector was installed in Rokkasho and commissioning started in 2014.

ECR Ion Source and Requirements 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 8 RequirementsTarget value ParticlesD+D+ Output energy100 keV Output D + current140 mA D + fraction99 % Beam current noise1 % rms Normalized rms transverse emittance 0.25 π.mm.mrad Duty factorCW Beam turn-off time< 10 µs Requirements at the entrance of RFQ (Radio-Frequency Quadrupole) Accelerator

Injector and Diagnostics 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 9 Emittance Scaner Spectroscopy CID Profile Monitor ECR Ion Source LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport)

An Emittance Diagram 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 10  =0.201  mm.mrad D+ : D2+&D3+ = 90:10 Emit Deuterium, 100keV, Iext=76mA, 10% duty cycle D+ D2+ ←D3+

Emittance at 100keV D+ (10mm  ) 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 11 Iext=93mA Iext=90mA Iext=80mA Iext=70mA Iext=60mA  =0.148  mm.mrad D+ : D2&D3 = 90:10  =0.124  mm.mrad D+ : D2&D3 = 92:8  =0.108  mm.mrad D+ : D2&D3 = 92:8  =0.110  mm.mrad D+ : D2&D3 = 92:8  =0.112  mm.mrad D+ : D2&D3 = 93:7 Deuterium 100keV V IE =35kV 2.1 SCCM 10% duty cycle

Emittance at 100keV D+ (10mm  ) 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 12  There is an optimum extraction current and an optimum intermediate electrode voltage to minimize the emittance.

Emittance vs. Duty cycle 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 13 Kr gas  It was observed that the emittance increases with the duty cycle.  It was also observed that the emittance growth is improved by increasing the gas flow rate or by injecting Kr gas into LEBT vacuum.

Focusing by Solenoid Coils 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 14

Neutron Production (I) 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 15 1) Neutron production is a linear function of the duty cycle. 2) Neutron production is also a strong function of the deuterium density implanted near the surface

Neutron Production (II) 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 16 ３） Neutron production is saturating at higher duty cycle and higher beam current. This is because the deuteron density is decreasing with increasing the temperature at the surface at higher power density.

Beam current vs. RF Power (10mm  ) 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 17  Extracted ion current increases almost lineally with the microwave power.  By increasing the aperture diameter to 12mm , which is the design value, we can expect 160mA of Deuterium ion beam. Deuterium

IFMIF/EVEDA 18 Conditioning of the ECR ion source with 12mm  plasma electrode Deuterium 100keV    

90% Duty Operation at 100keV 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector ms pulse every 200ms

DC Operation at 100keV/120mA 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 20

Summary 26 August, 2016 Operation and commissioning of IFMIF LIPAc Injector 21  Operation and commissioning of the IFMIF LIPAc Injector started in 2014 at Rokkasho site in Japan.  Up to now, 100keV/120mA/CW hydrogen and 100keV/90mA/CW deuterium ion beams have been produced stably from a 10mm diameter extraction aperture with a low beam emittance of 0.21 .mm.mrad (rms, normalized).  Neutron production by D-D reaction up to 2.4x10 9 n/s has been observed in the deuterium operation. Two more presentations in this conference - R. Gobin, et al., “Installation and first operation of the IFMIF Injector at Rokkasho site”, MonPS05. - K. Shinto, et al., “Measurement of Ion Species in High Current ECR H+/D+ Ion Source for IFMIF “, ThuPS18.