Bone Fractures-- breaks in a bone Types:

Bone Fractures-- breaks in a bone Types: Simple fracture Compound fracture

Bone Fractures-- breaks in a bone Types: Simple fracture—does not penetrate the skin Compound fracture—broken bone penetrates through the skin

Common Types of Fractures Table 5.2

Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Hematoma Hematoma formation Figure 5.5, step 1

Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Hematoma External callus New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabecula Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Figure 5.5, step 2

Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Hematoma External callus Bony callus of spongy bone New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabecula Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Figure 5.5, step 3

Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Hematoma External callus Bony callus of spongy bone Healed fracture New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabecula Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodeling Bone remodeling Figure 5.5, step 4

The Axial Skeleton Figure 5.6a

The Skull Cranial and Facial bones--joined by sutures (Mandible has the only movable joint)

Human Skull, Lateral View Figure 5.7

Human Skull, Lateral View Figure 5.7

Human Skull, Superior View Figure 5.8

Human Skull, Inferior View Figure 5.9

Human Skull, Anterior View Figure 5.11

The Fetal Skull Figure 5.13b

Paranasal Sinuses Hollow portions of bones--lighten the skull and give resonance and amplification to voice

Paranasal Sinuses Figure 5.10a

Paranasal Sinuses Figure 5.10b

The Hyoid Bone-Not attached to any other bone! Figure 5.12

The Vertebral Column 24 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs 7 cervical (neck) 12 thoracic (chest) 5 lumbar (lower back) followed by… Sacrum Coccyx

Vertebral Column—normal curvature Figure 5.14

The Vertebral Column No lumbar curve! Figure 5.15

A Typical Vertebrae, Be able to pick out these features: Lamina, pedicle, body (form the ring around the…) Vertebral foramen Transverse and spinous processes Articular processes (sup. and inf.) Facets (at articulations) Figure 5.17

A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View Figure 5.17

Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae C1=Atlas C2=Axis Note the dens Figure 5.18a

Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Foramina carry verterbral arteries in the neck Figure 5.18b

Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18c

Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18d

Sacrum and Coccyx—fused vertebrae Figure 5.19

The Bony Thorax—protects major organs Sternum Ribs True ribs (pairs 1–7) False ribs (pairs 8–10) Floating ribs (pairs 11–12) Thoracic vertebrae

The Bony Thorax—protects major organs Sternum Ribs True ribs (pairs 1–7) False ribs (pairs 8–10) Floating ribs (pairs 11–12) Thoracic vertebrae Reach sternum Join to reach sternum Do not reach sternum

The Bony Thorax Figure 5.20a