WIND ENERGY

Introduction What is wind energy? – energy generated from wind What is wind energy? – energy generated from wind Wind energy electrical energy Wind energy electrical energy Renewable source of energy Renewable source of energy Underutilized – accounts for only 1.5% of total energy used in the world (Merz 2008, p. 46) Underutilized – accounts for only 1.5% of total energy used in the world (Merz 2008, p. 46) Poised to become dominant form of energy in future Poised to become dominant form of energy in future

Historical use of wind energy Its use dates back to 5,000 years ago (Righter, 2006, p. 35) Its use dates back to 5,000 years ago (Righter, 2006, p. 35) Use decrease with invention of water and fossil energies Use decrease with invention of water and fossil energies More developments in 19 th and 20 th century More developments in 19 th and 20 th century

Cont… Modern development – from 1970s with discovery of turbines in Denmark Modern development – from 1970s with discovery of turbines in Denmark The picture aside shows a a wind turbine The picture aside shows a a wind turbine

Power generation from wind energy Basic electricity generation like in water and fossil energy Basic electricity generation like in water and fossil energy Wind speed – areas of high and low speed wind which turn the turbine Wind speed – areas of high and low speed wind which turn the turbine

Cont.. Turbines – located in wind farms Turbines – located in wind farms A wind farm has several turbines which generate power A wind farm has several turbines which generate power Should be located in areas without distraction Should be located in areas without distraction

Cont.. Wind farm – connected to power collection system Wind farm – connected to power collection system Electricity flow - wind farm to substation (Zavadi, 2005, p. 52) Electricity flow - wind farm to substation (Zavadi, 2005, p. 52) Excess power – fed to national grid Excess power – fed to national grid Set back – intermittency due to wind variation Set back – intermittency due to wind variation Solution – Pumped storage hydroelectricity Solution – Pumped storage hydroelectricity

Cont.. Wind turbine site – determine total power output (Demeo et al., 2005, p. 32) Wind turbine site – determine total power output (Demeo et al., 2005, p. 32) Suitable site – raise areas with no distractions Suitable site – raise areas with no distractions Close to transmission lines Close to transmission lines Other considerations - land use use, cost of land, environmental impact (Gipe 2008, p. 95) Other considerations - land use use, cost of land, environmental impact (Gipe 2008, p. 95)

Current Usage of Wind Energy World output - 121,188 MWp World output - 121,188 MWp 55% of the total wind turbines, are located in Europe (Merz, 2008, p. 6) 55% of the total wind turbines, are located in Europe (Merz, 2008, p. 6) 81% of the total wind usage in the world in United States and Europe 81% of the total wind usage in the world in United States and Europe Since 2000 output has quadrupled Since 2000 output has quadrupled By 2010, total output will be 160GW By 2010, total output will be 160GW

Cont.. Country output: Country output: Denmark – 1/5 th of the total energy demand (Mason 2008, p. 17) Denmark – 1/5 th of the total energy demand (Mason 2008, p. 17) United States – Leading producer with 16.8 GW output United States – Leading producer with 16.8 GW output

Cont.. Australia – 6 wind farms with 756 turbines (IEA, 2009, p. 13) Australia – 6 wind farms with 756 turbines (IEA, 2009, p. 13) Generates 1,300 megawatt which equals 1.35 of total energy consumption Generates 1,300 megawatt which equals 1.35 of total energy consumption The graph aside show geographical distribution The graph aside show geographical distribution

Cont.. Most countries promoting wind energy in remote areas (Righter 2006, p. 325) Most countries promoting wind energy in remote areas (Righter 2006, p. 325) Companies and homes erecting turbines Companies and homes erecting turbines Small scale wing power generators at homes Small scale wing power generators at homes Wind farms as financial ventures (Righter 2006, p. 375) Wind farms as financial ventures (Righter 2006, p. 375)

Advantages Environmental friendly (Perry, 2009) Environmental friendly (Perry, 2009) Cheap compared to other sources Cheap compared to other sources Renewable (U.S Department of Energy, 2008) Renewable (U.S Department of Energy, 2008) Readily available in the environment Readily available in the environment Economical on land use Economical on land use Economical venture Economical venture

Disadvantages High initial cost (Perry, 2009) High initial cost (Perry, 2009) Noise pollution (Energy Kidds, 2009) Noise pollution (Energy Kidds, 2009) Danger to flying mammals Danger to flying mammals Impact on landscape (U.S Department of Energy, 2008). Impact on landscape (U.S Department of Energy, 2008). It is unpredictable It is unpredictable

Conclusion Wind energy - use of wind power to generate electricity from wind turbines Wind energy - use of wind power to generate electricity from wind turbines Gained increasing use since 1970 Gained increasing use since 1970 Preferred because it is renewable, cheap, and friendly to the environment Preferred because it is renewable, cheap, and friendly to the environment However its costly and not reliable due to intermittency However its costly and not reliable due to intermittency wind energy is the future source of energy for the world wind energy is the future source of energy for the world

Bibliography Demeo, E., Grant, W., Milligan, R., & Schuerger, M 2005, Wind plant integration. Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 6 Demeo, E., Grant, W., Milligan, R., & Schuerger, M 2005, Wind plant integration. Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 6 Energy Kidds, 2009, Wind Energy, Retrieved 6th October 2009 from Energy Kidds, 2009, Wind Energy, Retrieved 6th October 2009 from Gipe, P 2008, Wind energy basic: A guide to small and micro wind systems, Chelsea Green Publishing Gipe, P 2008, Wind energy basic: A guide to small and micro wind systems, Chelsea Green Publishing IEA, 2009, Wind Energy: Annual Report 2008, International Energy Agency, 2009 IEA, 2009, Wind Energy: Annual Report 2008, International Energy Agency, 2009 Merz, S 2008, Renewable generation and implication on development, BERR Publications Merz, S 2008, Renewable generation and implication on development, BERR Publications Perry, Z 2009, Advantages and disadvantages of wind power, Retrieved 6th October 2009 from Perry, Z 2009, Advantages and disadvantages of wind power, Retrieved 6th October 2009 from Righter, R 2006, Wind energy in America, Macmillan Righter, R 2006, Wind energy in America, Macmillan U.S Department of Energy, 2008, Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy, Retrieved 6th October 2009 from U.S Department of Energy, 2008, Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy, Retrieved 6th October 2009 from Zavadi, R 2005, Making connection, IEE, Vol. 3 Zavadi, R 2005, Making connection, IEE, Vol. 3