ANCIENT GREECE 3000 BCE – 400 BCE

Phoenicians Invented the alphabet Spread civilization (easier ways of living) Controlled the Mediterranean sea (they had the most $ and influence)

Timeline Minoans 3500 BCE End of Greek Empire 200 BCE

Timeline Minoans I 3500 BCE End of Greek Empire I 200 BCE 500 BCE I Start of Roman Empire Jesus Of Nazareth Born I (year 0) 4 BCE Roman Empire Ends I 476 CE November 2012 I You are sitting in class 1215 I Magna Carta signed GREEK EMPIRE ROMAN EMPIRE

Greek Geography Water isolated people so they had different customs and beliefs Sea was a means of transportation and a source of food Mountains made it difficult to grow crops

City-States The ancient Greeks referred to themselves as citizens of their individual city-states. Each city-state (polis) had its own personality, goals, laws and customs. Ancient Greeks were very loyal to their city-state. If you asked an ancient Greek where he was from, he would not say, "I live in Greece." If he was from Sparta, he would say, "I am a Spartan." If he lived in Athens, he would say, "I am Athenian." And so it went. The city-states might band together to fight a common foe. They also went to war with each other. Greece was not yet one country.

City-States

Government Ancient Greece was a collection of Greek city-states. Because Greece was not yet one country, there was no central government in ancient Greece. Each city-state had its own form of government. Some city-states, like Corinth, were ruled by kings. Some, like Sparta, were ruled by a small group of men. Others, like Athens, experimented with new forms of government like democracy. Sometimes these city-states cooperated, sometimes they fought each other.

Democracy - Athens GREEKS INVENTED DEMOCRACY Only citizens could vote COULD NOT VOTE: Women Slaves Men with parents who were not citizens COULD NOT VOTE: Women Slaves Men with parents who were not citizens

Religion in Greece GREEK MYTHOLOGY Greeks worshipped 12 Gods and Goddesses Zeus, King of the Gods, ruled from Mount Olympus Each city-state built temples to each God Olympics every 4 years to honor Zeus

Religion in Greece GREEK MYTHOLOGY Greeks honored their gods through Oracles (sacred sites where a god or goddess was consulted) Greeks asked the oracles for advice or prediction about the future.

The Golden Age Sculpture Architecture Science Philosophy Dramatic and Comedic plays

Sculpture and Architecture Pericles idea to rebuild the city of Athens after it had been destroyed by war. At the center was the Acropolis, and at its center was the Parthenon Three important characteristics: Full of action Figures show balance and order Figures are lifelike and accurate All about perfection and balance

The Golden Age Sculpture Architecture Science Philosophy Dramatic and Comedic plays

Science Water is basic material of the world (he was right!) Democritus thought that everything was made up of tiny particles called atoms (they are!)

Philosophy Philosophy is a system of beliefs or values Philosophers believed that people could use the powers of the mind and reason to understand natural events (birth, love, hate, death, attraction, guilt, fear, etc. ) Philosopher’s try to answer the question, “Why are we here?”

Famous Greek Philosophers PLATO SOCRATES ARISTOTLE Discovery Channel Video

Always asking questions about people’s belief systems Compared to a fly, or a bee His questions angered and/or frightened people of Athens Started a school called The Academy Brought to trial for dishonoring the Gods and sentenced to forced suicide. Forced to drink a cup of hemlock, a poison, and died in 399 BCE SOCRATES

PLATO One of Socrates students Wrote The Republic. He said society should be made up of three groups: o Workers o Soldiers o Philosopher-rulers Founded a school called The Academy

ARISTOTLE Student of Plato’s Believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge  A friend to all is a friend to none.  All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance, nature, compulsions, habit, reason, passion, desire.  All men by nature desire knowledge

Famous Greek Philosophers

Drama and Comedy Tragedies Type of serious drama that usually ends in disaster for the main character. Chorus sings poems that tell the story: o give background information o comment on the events o praise the gods (Euripides, Aeschylus, and Sophocles were important authors of tragedies)

Drama and Comedy Comedies: Made fun of well-known citizens and politicians. Made jokes about the customs of the day. Athens was an open, liberal society so they accepted these kinds of jokes. (Aristophanes is probably the best known Greek comic playwright.) OLD SCHOOL

The Golden Age Sculpture Architecture Science Philosophy Dramatic and Comedic plays

SPARTA! Like Athens but then they conquered the land around them Helots: slaves or servants of Sparta The helots did all of the farm work so the Spartan citizens could fight in wars Babies inspected by the government A city devoted to war Always put the cities need above your own 31

SPARTA! Males: Meant to be soldiers Should suffer pain, hardship and punishment in silence Females: Allowed to own land and take part in business (they had more rights than women in Athens)

End of Athens Peloponnesian War a conflict between Athens and Sparta that lasted 27 years Athenians defeated, surrendered in 404 BCE 1.Plague (widespread disease) 2. Sparta issues a blockade. They isolated Athens and cut off their supplies.

Spread of Greek Culture