Unit 3

 Gold, God and Glory  Gold to get rich and have power, God to spread religion, Glory to claim new lands for their country ; power in having more land and gold.

 About 500 years before Christopher Columbus set sail, the Vikings were the first people to explore what is now the Netherlands.  The Vikings inhabited Denmark, Sweden and Norway.  One Viking made it all the way to America: Leif Erikson established a settlement in what is now Newfoundland

 Explorers were always making their way to Asia. Asia was a very powerful country due to the many resources that they had for trading and to sell. Countries would want to travel to India for spices, silks, gold and other goods that they could trade or sell to make their country money.

 Born in 1451 in Italy, he was the oldest of 5 children and his father was a wool weaver.  He began sailing at the age of 14. In 1476, he settled in Portugal where he started a business drawing and selling maps. In 1485 he moved to Spain. He decided that he wanted to sail west to find a shorter route to Asia. Queen Isabella and Kind Ferdinand agreed to pay for his voyage with a goal of trading to make money for Spain. They also wanted to help spread Christianity.

 In 1492, he landed on a small island that he thought was India, so Columbus referred to the people he encountered as Indians. He claimed the island for Spain and traveled south believing to find Japan. He then landed on a large island that the natives called Cuba. Continuing his journey, Columbus explored much of what is now known as the Caribbean. He later would call this area the “West Indies”. Columbus would travel from Spain to the “West Indies” 3 more times never knowing that he had discovered new lands.

 Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan left in 1519, with five ships and 270 men, on a voyage to sail around the world to find a new route to India.  Funded by the Spanish King, Charles the 5th, the ships sailed westward from Spain, across the Atlantic Ocean to South America. After much searching, a passage was located that could take the ships around the continent of South America.

 The strait, later called the Strait of Magellan, eventually got Magellan and crew through to what Magellan named Pacifico, or the Pacific Ocean. He thought this voyage would only take a few days, but it took nearly 4 months to cross the Pacific.

 Although Magellan didn’t complete the voyage to “circumnavigate the world”, as he was killed by natives on the island of the Philippines, 3 years later, 18 of the original 40 sailors returned home to Spain having completed the first voyage around the world.

 Wanting to find a shorter route to Asia, King Henry of England hired John Cabot to find the route. He too thought that the route to Asia was west like Columbus, but decided to sail further north towards China

 In 1497, Cabot left Bristol, England. After sailing for several weeks, he and his crew landed on new lands that he claimed for England. He named this new found land Newfoundland. What he thought was a north- western part of Asia, was what is now Canada.

 He and his crew continued to sail south as far as to what is now known as Massachusetts. Cabot was sure that he was in China and Japan, and soon set sail for home to tell of his discoveries. In 1498, Cabot and 5 ships set sail for what he still believed were the “indies”, however never made it. It is still not known what happened to he and his crew.

 During the _______ a Spanish ruler named _________heard stories of a wealthy ________________  Velasquez decided he wanted the Aztec’s ________and he must conquer them. So, he hired ______________to lead the expedition.  In ________ Cortes left _______with 11 ships and 600 Sailors.

 They sailed ______through the __________and landed on the eastern shores of ___________.  The natives welcomed Cortes with gifts and gold.  When the Aztec ruler ____________learned of Cortes, he became __________for his people. He sent more gifts and gold to Cortes and __________________________________  Cortes saw the Gold and wanted __________…

 Cortes built a ______and _________most of his ships so that his soldiers could not leave him and sent _________ship filled with _________back to _________.  Together with a ______________________who did not like the Aztecs, Cortes and his soldiers moved toward the _________and __________the city.  In the capital, Cortes met with _____________and discovered a __________________________________________

 A _____________________and in the end, the Aztec empire was _______________and Cortes got what he wanted- __________.  Cortes renamed the city to ______________and named the country for Spain- _____________  Christianity spread and by 1524, ______________was the _________and ___________area owned by Spain making them the __________________________________________ __________________________________________.

 Developed by the _______________to explore _____________and the ____________Ocean  Easy to maneuver or _________while sailing the seas  The ______________shaped sails gave the ship ______________

 Wanted to find a ____________________ to the ___________by going around northern America  Left France with 2 _______and 62 ________  He reached _________________and continued north and claimed the area for France and named it _______________________  He discovered a __________area that was named the Gulf of St. Lawrence

 Cartier __________with natives who told them their country was called ____________  He soon discovered a __________flowing ___________out of the gulf and thought it might lead to the ______________________. However, winter was coming and he headed back to ____________  Cartier was later sent back to find the __________________________ to the Pacific and explore the river

 In ___________, he made it back to the river with 3 _________and 100 _________, however the river was too shallow and they had to ___________behind his __________________and use a small boat.  He and his men encountered a friendly group of natives called the _______________________  When they __________________find the North West Passage, they returned to their ships and then men had built a_______________and set up a __________________.

 That winter, many of Cartier’s men became ________________________ The Indians taught Cartier and his men how to _________scurvy and the men were ____________.  When the weather warmed, Cartier returned to ________________and was later sent back to set up a _________________.  The cold winters caused the colony to _________and France eventually _______________the colony.

 Growing up, ________________ worked on English ships.  In _________ Queen Elizabeth sent Drake on a secret voyage to make a __________________ on Spanish ships and lands in the New World.  He set sail with ___________and _________ men. He headed for the Strait of Magellan.

 A storm arose, and Drake ___________that his 2 _________________________ would not make it. The crew of the 2 ships boarded the other 3 ships and the smaller ones were ____________  Sailing on, the storm became violent.  One ship ___________  Another set sail ______________________________  Only Drake’s ship, the Golden Hind made it through the _______________________________________

 Drake continued north and began to _________ Spanish __________and _____________taking gold, silver, and jewels  He was so ______________that the Spanish __________________have enough time to warn the next settlements.  Drake and his crew ended up in what is now ________________________________along the California coast.

 Drake encountered ______________who were very friendly and were willing to ___________goods.  Drake claimed the land for ________________ and called it ________________________  When drake headed back to ______________________________________, he decided to sail across the _____________and around the tip of ______________so that he would not have to risk ____________________________  He arrived back to England in 1580 making him the __________________________________________ __________________________________________.