DQ # 6 8/18/10 Measure the width of your table with something other than a ruler. My table width is ____ _____ long. U N I T

Measurement-A Common Language Length

English vs. Metric Standard Vs. Metric US units Vs. Metric Foot = King’s foot Inch= thumb length Yard= nose to your tip of your finger

Make a T-Chart with Metric units and Standard units Standard or English units

THE METRIC SYSTEM

When and why was the metric system invented? The metric system was invented in 1790 The metric system was invented because countries were using many different systems of measurement causing confusion and lack of consistency

Who invented the metric system? The metric system was invented by a group of French scientists

WHY DO WE USE THE METRIC SYSTEM? Almost all other countries are using the metric system Other countries’ companies are refusing to buy products from the U.S. if not labeled in metric units Scientists need a universal way to communicate data (SI Units)

Metric System A system of measurement used by the majority of countries on Earth based on the number 10

A Standard Measurement System The International System of Units (SI)

Scientists all over the world use the International System of Units to measure: Length Volume Mass Density Temperature Time

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS BETWEEN METRIC & US LENGTH UNITS A meter is about the same length as a yard A meter is about three feet long A decimeter is about four inches long An inch is about 25 millimeters A foot contains about 30 centimeters A foot contains about 3 decimeters

WHAT DOES THE METRIC SYSTEM MEASURE? The gram measures mass or how much something weighs The liter measures volume which is used when measuring liquids The meter measures the length of an object or the distance from place to place

Key Concept: Why do scientists use a standard measurement system? Using SI as the standard system of measurement allows scientists to compare data and communicate with each other about their results Using SI measurement also allows experiments to be repeated and most importantly achieve a desired result

 : SI units are based on multiples of what number? Add a zero Subtract a zero

Length

What is length? Length is the distance from one point to another

The basic unit of length in the SI system is the … The basic unit of length in the SI system is the meter

The two units that measure the length of smaller objects are, … millimeter centimeter

THE METRIC CONVERSION CHART (STAIRCASE METHOD) To convert to a smaller unit, move decimal point to the right or multiply. Kilo 1000 units Hecto 100 units Deka 10 units Basic Unit Deci 0.1 units Centi 0.01 units Milli 0.001 units To convert to a larger unit, move decimal point to the left or divide

TRY THIS USING THE STAIRCASE METHOD 1000 mg = ______ g Step 1: Determine if you are going to go up or down the ladder. Step 2: Determine how many steps there are from milligrams to grams. Step 3: Move the decimal point the amount of places that was determined in steps 1 & 2.

TRY THIS USING THE STAIRCASE METHOD 1000 mg = ______ g 1 Step 1: Determine if you are going to go up or down the ladder. Step 2: Determine how many steps there are from milligrams to grams. Step 3: Move the decimal point the amount of places that was determined in steps 1 & 2.

Metric System The metric system is based on a base unit that corresponds to a certain kind of measurement Length = meter Volume = liter Weight (Mass) = gram Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system Example: Centi + meter = Centimeter Kilo + liter = Kiloliter

Metric System The three prefixes that we will use the most are: kilo centi milli kilo hecto deca Base Units meter gram liter deci centi milli

Metric System So if you needed to measure length you would choose meter as your base unit Length of a tree branch 1.5 meters Length of a room 5 meters Length of a ball of twine stretched out 25 meters

Metric System But what if you need to measure a longer distance, like from your house to school? Let’s say you live approximately 10 miles from school 10 miles = 16093 meters 16093 is a big number, but what if you could add a prefix onto the base unit to make it easier to manage: 16093 meters = 16.093 kilometers (or 16.1 if rounded to 1 decimal place)

Metric System These prefixes are based on powers of 10. What does this mean? From each prefix every “step” is either: 10 times larger or 10 times smaller For example Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters kilo hecto deca Base Units meter gram liter deci centi milli

Metric System Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters so it takes more millimeters for the same length 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters Example not to scale 40 41 1 mm 40 41 1 cm

Metric System For each “step” to right, you are multiplying by 10 For example, let’s go from a base unit to centi 1 liter = 10 deciliters = 100 centiliters 2 grams = 20 decigrams = 200 centigrams ( 1 x 10 = 10) = (10 x 10 = 100) (2 x 10 = 20) = (20 x 10 = 200) kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

Metric System An easy way to move within the metric system is by moving the decimal point one place for each “step” desired Example: change meters to centimeters 1 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimeters or 1.00 meter = 10.0 decimeters = 100. centimeters kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

Metric System Now let’s try our previous example from meters to kilometers: 16093 meters = 1609.3 decameters = 160.93 hectometers = 16.093 kilometers So for every “step” from the base unit to kilo, we moved the decimal 1 place to the left (the same direction as in the diagram below) kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

Metric System If you move to the left in the diagram, move the decimal to the left If you move to the right in the diagram, move the decimal to the right kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

Metric System Now let’s start from centimeters and convert to kilometers 400000 centimeters = 4 kilometers 400000 centimeters = 4.00000 kilometers kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

Metric System Now let’s start from centimeters and convert to meters Now let’s start from meters and convert to kilometers 4000 meters = 4 kilometers kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli Now let’s start from centimeters and convert to meters 4000 centimeters = 40 meters kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

Metric System Now let’s start from meters and convert to centimeters 5 meters = 500 cm kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli Now let’s start from kilometers and convert to meters .3 kilometers = 300 m kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

Metric System Summary Base units in the metric system are meter, liter, gram Metric system is based on powers of 10 For conversions within the metric system, each “step” is 1 decimal place to the right or left Using the diagram below, converting to the right, moves the decimal to the right and vice versa kilo hecto deca meter liter gram deci centi milli

TRY THIS USING THE STAIRCASE METHOD .15 L = __________ ml

TRY THIS USING THE STAIRCASE METHOD .15 L = __________ ml 150

T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/ Practice Time, Now you will complete the worksheet practice using the stair case method T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

Figure 1: Calculating - How much larger is a kilo- than a deka-? 100 times

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli one-hundredth meter one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth one-hundredth meter one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth millimeter one-hundredth meter one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth millimeter centi one-hundredth meter one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth millimeter centi one-hundredth centimeter meter one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth millimeter centi one-hundredth centimeter none meter one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth millimeter centi one-hundredth centimeter none one meter one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth millimeter centi one-hundredth centimeter none one meter kilo one-thousand

Complete the Table Below Prefix Meaning Unit of Length milli One-thousandth millimeter centi one-hundredth centimeter none one meter kilo one-thousand kilometer

The longer lines on the metric ruler are called… centimeters

The shorter lines on the metric ruler are called… millimeters

 Reading Checkpoint One centimeter is divided into how many millimeters? 10 millimeters (mm)

Figure 2: Calculating: Measure the turtle in figure 2 from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose. Record its length in both centimeters and millimeters. 10.5 cm 105 mm

T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/ Lesson 3: Volume T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

English vs. Metric Units Which is larger? A. 1 liter or 1 gallon B. 1 liter or 1 quart C. 1 milliliter or 1 fluid ounce 1 fl oz = 29.573 ml 1 12-oz can of soda would equal approximately 355 ml. 1 gallon = 3.79 liters It would take approximately 3 ¾ 1-liter bottles to equal a gallon. 1 quart = 0.946 liters

Click the image to watch a short video about volume. Metric Units kL cL mL L Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. The base unit of volume in the metric system in the liter and is represented by L or l. Standard: 1 liter is equal to one cubic decimeter Metric Units 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) 1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cm3 (or cc) = 1 gram* Which is larger? Click the image to watch a short video about volume. A. 1 liter or 1500 milliliters B. 200 milliliters or 1.2 liters C. 12 cm3 or 1.2 milliliters* * When referring to water Liter Image: http://www.dmturner.org/Teacher/Pictures/liter.gif

Measuring Volume We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects. Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water. What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL What causes the meniscus? A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides. Top Image: http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade8/science/images/20graphicaa.gif Bottom Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/meniscus.htm

Measuring Liquid Volume What is the volume of water in each cylinder? Images created at http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder.swf A B C Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

Measuring Solid Volume 10 cm 9 cm 8 cm We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height. _____ X _____ X _____ = _____ http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~s1sci/R_S1Science/sp/en/syllabus/unit14/new/testingmain1.htm We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement. Amount of H2O with object = ______ About of H2O without object = ______ Difference = Volume = ______ Click here for an online activity about volume. Choose Lessons  Volume & Displacement

English  Metric Conversions T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

English & Metric Conversions