Irrigation Design and Heat Exchanger Design Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUPUI Me 414 Thermal-Fluid Design Fall 2007 Irrigation Design and Heat Exchanger Design Neil Barnes Thomas Hylton Lalit Kumar Manan Langalia Matt Zwiesler

Objective Design an efficient irrigation system for a given yard Calculate and minimize utility and all other costs Minimize wasted water Calculate time to deliver one inch of water to the entire yard

Choosing a Sprinkler Head Chosen based on size, type of spray, and cost Need to spray in a generally uniformed and controlled area Spray, over-spray, and wasted water needs to be taken into account

Head Placement in Yard 35’ radius heads were impact/ratchet heads Poor design because low overlap and high cost sprinkler heads Based on the tutorial ratchet along with spray heads is not recommended

Head Placement in Yard Design using 24’, 18’, and rectangular heads Ruled out because of the pricing difference Price difference between this and chosen design: $450.00

Head Placement in Yard Chosen to reduce costs Only two different sprinkler heads (rectangular and 18’ head)

Square Head Decision Chosen as a result of less wasted water Square spray heads would spray with uniform coverage and would not need to overlap 8 heads spaced uniformly in rectangular strip of yard Toro 570 4x30’ Center Strip Nozzle

Piping Layout Reduce materials, bends, and joints Sprinkler heads in each row in series and each row is in parallel Parallel allows equal pressure loss in each branch of pipe with constant flow rate Series allows equal flow rates in each branch, but pressure changes in each branch Parallel allows for easy cleaning if blockages occur

Bill of Materials Part Individual Cost Quantity Total Cost 4" Sprayer - 1804P Rainbird (18') $2.50 52 $130.00 Rainbird Nozzle $1.20 $62.40 Toro 4x30 Nozzle (rectangular center strip) $1.10 8 $8.80 Toro Sprayer for 4x30 Nozzle $1.99 $15.92 Wilkins Backflow Preventer $61.80 1 Rainbird DV Series Valve $13.97 4 $55.88 ESP Indoor Controller $84.95 PVC (pressure pipe) $0.94/10 ft 1500 ft $141.00 PVC elbow $0.23 12 $2.76 PVC Tees 68 $15.64 Total $579.15 Comparison Rainbird Rotor Sprinkler (24') $18.35 35 $642.25

AFT 1st Iteration (No zones) High flow rates Not enough pressure

AFT 2nd Iteration (2 zones)

AFT 3rd Iteration (4 zones)

ZONE 1 of 4

Final Results

Project 2 Heat Exchanger Design

Design Requirements Remove 1.2 MW of heat from process water Inlet temperature 90 ◦C Exit temperature 40 ◦C City water Inlet temperature during summer is 25 C Minimize tube side and shell side pressure drops Minimize cost due to weight and material used Minimize the heat exchanger volume

Design Process DOE analysis with Matlab and Minitab Optimization Initial DOE Eliminate insignificant factors-down to 12 variables Learn effects of change in variables Final DOE Four most significant variables chosen based on effect seen in main effects plots Optimization Four variables analyzed Design goals met with optimal values

DOE process Run 2 sets of 6 initially All variables related to effects on output variables: Weight of HE Shell-Side DP Tube-Side DP Q, heat transfer List of final four variables: Tube OD Baffle Space Tube Length Shell ID

Main Effects Plots DP Tube Plot Q Calculated Plot

Main Effects Plots DP Shell Plot Weight Plot

Optimization Pareto charts of Q and Weight Minitab statistically equates effects of variables and interactions Used to confirm main effects plots

Optimization Plots Initial optimization with custom tube od required Final optimization with standard tube od

Results Critical Variables Value Baffle Space 0.50 m Shell Inner Diameter 0.3048 12” Tube Outer Diameter 0.0111 m 7/16” Tube Length 4.545 m Critical System Characteristics Value Heat Transfer Rate 1.2e6 W Overall System Weight 381.69 kg Tube-side Pressure Drop 438.955 Pa Shell-Side Pressure Drop 3623.99 Pa

Summary Success Met 1.2 MW requirement Weight minimized DP shell-side and tube-side minimized

Questions? ?