Chapter 8

 The person who commits the crime.

 Someone who helps the principal commit a crime. Can be charged with the same crime and receive the same sentence as the principal.  Ex. Driver of a getaway car.

 A person is guilty of this when they order a crime or helps the principal who is not present during the crime. The accessory often receives the same charge and punishment.  Ex. Someone hires someone else to kill

 When a person who, knowing a crime has been committed, helps the principal or accomplice avoid capture or helps them escape. The accessory receives a separate charge and sentence.

 Crimes that carry a penalty of less than one year.

 Crimes that carry a penalty of more than one year.

 Behavior that takes place before and often in preparation for the actual commission of the crime.  Solicitation – to ask, command, urge, or advise another person to commit a crime.  Attempt – When someone performs all the elements of crime but fails to achieve the criminal result.  Conspiracy – an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime.

 Every crime is defined by certain elements, each of which must be proven at trial in order to convict the offender.

 The taking or carrying away of goods or money.  Taking from a person  A motive of greed

 A guilty state of mind usually means that the act was done intentionally, knowingly, or willingly. This plus an act generally equals a crime.

 Different from state of mind. Motive is the reason for committing the act.  Ex. Someone steals food because they are hungry.  Ex. A person kills someone for revenge or for money

 These crimes do not require a guilty state of mind.  Ex. A drugstore owner who unknowingly sells alcohol to a minor and is caught.

 When someone fails to perform an act required by law and is physically able to perform the act.  Ex. Hit and run  Not paying taxes

 Requires the intent to commit a crime and some substantial step toward committing the crime.

 An agreement between two or more people to commit a crime. Allows police to arrest conspirators before they come dangerously close to committing other crimes. Some feel it denies people their 1 st amendment rights of Freedom of Speech.

 The act of requesting or strongly urging someone to do something. If the request is to do something illegal, solicitation is considered a crime.

 Open; clear  More than mere preparation  At least the first step of actually attempting the crime.