Chapter 10 Section 2 Germany Strengthens

Making Economic Progress Germany’s rapidly growing population from 41 million in 1871 to 67million by 1914 also provided a huge home market along with a larger supply of industrial workers. The new nation also benefited from earlier progress. During the 1850’s and 1860’s,German’s had found large companies and built many railroads. The house of Krupp boomed after 1871,becoming an enormous industrial complex that produced steel and weapons for world market. German industrialist and inventor carl zeiss built a company that became known for it’s telescopes, microscopes, and other optical equipment.

Campaign Against the Church In response to what he saw as the catholic threat, Bismarck launched the kulturkampf, or “battle for civilization,” which lasted from 1871 to1878. His goal was to make catholic’s put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the church. The chancellor had laws passed that gave the state the right to supervise catholic education and approve the appointment of priest

Campaign Against the Socialist Bismarck also saw a threat to the new German empire in the growing power of socialism. By the late 1870’s, German Marxist’s had organized the Social Democratic Party, which called for parliamentary democracy and laws to improve conditions for the working class. Bismarck feared that socialist would undermine the loyalty of German workers and turn them toward revolution.

Campaign Against the Socialist Bismarck had laws passed that dissolved socialist groups, shut down their news papers, and banned their meetings. He set out to workers away from socialism by sponsoring laws to protect them. By the late 1890’s, Germans had health and accident insurance as well as old-age insurance to provide retirement benefits.

Chapter 10 Section 4 Nationalism Threatens Old Empire John Corkery C-2 12/15/09

Chapter 10 Section 4 Terms 1.Francis Joseph -inherited the Hapsburg Throne. 2.Ferenc Deak -a moderate Hungarian leader, helped work out, a compromise that created a new political power known as dual monarchy. 3.Dual Monarchy -political power known of Austria-Hungary Ferenc Deak Francis Joseph

Nationalism Threatens Old Empire Austria’s center of power went to the central Europe. The central Europe ruled lands with people that were all kinds of nationality. In 1800 Hapsburg were the oldest ruling house in Europe. They captured lots of territories such as Bohemia, Hungary and parts of Romania, Poland, Ukraine, and Northern Italy. Congress of Vienna the Austrian emperor Francis first, had a goal and it was to rule and to change nothing. The government tried to limit industrial development and it would threaten traditional ways of life.

Nationalism Threatens Old Empire Austria did not want to stop taking over the rest of Europe. Later Hapsburg started to become scared because of Britain increasing growth of cities and better workers. Hapsburg army increased because a lot because of all the nationalist like Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainian, Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. needed to strengthen his army.

Nationalism Threatens Old Empire They also had lots of Italians and Hungarians. 18 Year old Francis Joseph inherited the Hapsburg. He ruled till 1916, around world war 1. Austria suffered a defeat from France and Sardina in 1859. Francis Joseph realized he needed to strengthen his army.

Russia: Reform and Reaction Chapter 10 Section 5 Russia: Reform and Reaction

Conditions in Russia By 1815, Russia was not only the largest, most populous nation in Europe but also a great world power. Since the 1600s, explorers , soldiers, and traders seeking furs had expanded Russia’s Empire eastward across Siberia to the Pacific. The middle class was small and weak. Russian Peasant women clearing stones from a field. Most Russians were serfs, or laborers bound to the land and to the landowners who controlled them.

Emancipation and Stirrings of Revolution Alexander II came to the throne in 1855 during the Crimean War. The Crimean War had broken out after Russia tried to seize Ottoman lands along the Danube River. Elected assemblies called Zemstoves, were made responsible for matter such as road repair, school, and agriculture. Alexander’s reforms failed to satisfy many Russians. Official persecution encouraged pogroms, or violent mob attacks on Jewish people.

The Drive to Industrialize Russia finally entered the industrial age under Alexander III and his son Nicholas II. It encouraged the building of railroads to connect iron and coal mines with factories and to transport goods across Russia. Political and social problems increased as a result of industrialization.

Turning Point: Crisis and Revolution When war broke out between Russia and Japan in 1904, Nicholas II called on his people to fight for “the Faith, the Tsar, and the Fatherland”. Marchers flowed through the streets of St. Petersburg toward the tsar’s Winter Palace. In the months that followed Bloody Sunday, discontent exploded across Russia. Strikes multiplied. Nicholas then appointed a new prime minster, Peter Stolypin.

Vocabulary Colossus – Giant Alexander II – Came to the throne in 1855 during the Crimean war. Crimean War – War fought mainly on the Crimean Peninsula between the Russians and the Britain, French, and Turks from 1853 – 1856 Emancipation – Granting of freedom to serfs or slaves Zemstvos – Local elected assembly set up in Russia under Alexander II Pogrom – Refugees – a person who flees from home or country to seek refuge elsewhere, often because of political upheaval or famine. Duma – elected national legislature national electa. Peter Stolypin – Nicholas appointed him as the new prime minister.

Work Cited Text book http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia