Research Project January 16, 2014

0 Your paper must be typed 0 Size 12, Times New Roman font 0 Must be double spaced 0 No extra space is needed 0 i.e., Dead Space 0 Do not skip lines between paragraphs 0 To double space… 0 “Control-F2” on a PC 0 “Command-F2” on a Mac 0 Justify the margins ” margins 0 This is done automatically on Microsoft Word

0 Proper MLA formatting should be set-up as follows:

0 A General Rule: 0 Ideally, no more than 25 percent of your paper should be direct quotations 0 Paraphrase as much as you can 0 Use direct quotations when citing a statistic or original theory 0 Use author’s words if they capture a point exactly

You must acknowledge in your paper the source of:You must acknowledge in your paper the source of: 0 A direct quotation 0 A statistic 0 An idea 0 Someone else’s opinion 0 Concrete facts not considered “common knowledge” 0 Information not commonly known 0 Information taken from the computer (internet, etc.) 0 Illustrations, photographs, or charts – if not yours

You must still acknowledge your source if you…Paraphrase: 0 Put someone else’s ideas into your own wordsSummarize: 0 Condense someone else’s words or ideas

0 Model Signal Phrases: “In the words of researchers Long and McKinzie…” “As Paul Rudnick has noted…” “…writes Michelle Moore,…” NOTE: Never use “says” acknowledges agrees believes comments contends denies emphasizes grants implies observes reasons suggests admits asserts claims confirms declares disputes endorses illustrates notes points out refutes writes “Said is Dead”

0 Three most common citations: 0 Author and page number 0 Author and Year Published 0 “Article Title” and Year Published …a system in which you give your source in parentheses immediately after you give the information.

(Keeling 125) 0 Notice there is no “p” and no comma 0 Example: 0 The struggle for identity was common in these times (Keeling 125).

0 Her distinct writing style adds to her mystique (“Plath” 1999). 0 Often articles or websites have no author listed; thus, give the first distinctive word of the title, followed by the year it was published Most Commonly used for Websites or Magazine Articles

0 His bravery and willingness to break the racial barrier changed the professional sports world for good (Johansen 2001). 0 Notice that you simply give the author’s last name and the year it was published. If you cannot find the publishing year, you would simply use the author’s last name. …used mainly for internet sources where an author’s name is provided

0 What happens if there is more than one author? 0 If there is more than one author, you would list the last names of the authors 0 Ex: (Johansen and Smyth 2001) or (Nagle, Henry, and Jones 2002) 0 What happens if there is no author? 0 When there is no author, you provide the name of the article or page you are on to indicate where the information came from 0 Ex: (“The Life of a Hero 2003).

0 When several facts in a row within one paragraph all come from the same page of a source, use on citation to cover them all. Place the citation after the last fact. 0 The citation MUST be in the same paragraph as the facts!