Feedback and Homeostasis

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Feedback and Homeostasis

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Presentation transcript:

Feedback and Homeostasis Vocab terms to define: Feedback mechanism Dynamic equilibrium Stimuli Homeostasis Pancreas Insulin Guard cells Review book: Read pg 29-32 questions 42-53 completed on loose leaf paper

Dynamic Equilibrium Our bodies are constantly responding and adjusting to external and internal stimuli, causes small changes in our body temperature, blood sugar level, etc. We refer to these small changes as dynamic equilibrium. This allows us to maintain homeostasis (internal balance). All living things must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. EX. Human body temp is 37 C; if temp is altered, processes that keep us going will begin to fail

Dynamic Equilibrium Constant small corrections that keep internal environment w/in stable limit AFTER MEAL BODY TEMP BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL TIME TIME

FEEDBACK MECHANISMS Help regulate the endocrine system Maintain homeostasis Let’s watch: http://www.learnerstv.com/animation/animation.php?ani=241&cat=Biology

TYPES OF FEEDBACK MECHANISM 1. Negative Feedback Stimulus Reaction Response Negative Feedback considered negative because the original signal is lowered or shut off.

TYPES OF FEEDBACK MECHANISM EX: Thermostat Ex. Body Temperature Stimulus: Brain senses a drop in blood temperature. Reaction: Nerve message sent to muscles to start shivering. Response: Heat is generated that warms the body and blood. Negative Feedback: Warmer blood triggers brain to turn-off shivering. ROOM COOLS DOWN FURNACE KICKS ON WARMS UP OFF

Example 3: Glucose levels in the blood 1. Blood sugar regulation by insulin (secreted by pancreas) insulin -- a hormone (chemical messenger); lowers blood sugar 2 major ways: Takes glucose into our cells to be used as fuel in cell respiration from our blood Converts excess glucose to glycogen (animal starch) and stores it in our liver and muscles glucagon -- convert glycogen back to glucose 2. The failure to maintain blood glucose homeostasis results in diabetes.

Ex #4: Plants regulating water loss Guard cells in plants opening and closing the stomate to prevent water loss Stomate- allows for exchange of water vapor (and gases) out of the leaf

Response: Baby is born and the feedback cycle ends. 2. Positive Feedback Mechanism – Change in system  causes a greater change or response; ex. labor Stimulus: A contraction pushes the baby’s head against the base of the uterus. Reaction: Pressure on the base of the uterus causes stronger contractions. Response: Baby is born and the feedback cycle ends. Positive Feedback

Body Systems for Maintaining Homeostasis in multicellular organisms Excretory System - regulates the chemistry of body’s fluids while removing harmful wastes Nervous System - uses electrical impulses to regulate body functions Endocrine System - produces hormones (chemical messengers) regulating their behavior of the body Immune System -stands guard with a set of defenses that protect the body from foreign invaders and disease