Drug Abuse Trends in the State of California Presented to: CA Association for Criminal Justice Research March 17, 2005 Presented by: Kiku Annon, MA, WestEd Prepared by: Beth Finnerty, MPH, UCLA ISAP

Drug Use in the General CA Population State and National Estimates from the National Survey on Drug Use & Health

Past Month (Any) Illicit Drug Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: NSDUH 9.0% U.S. Average 8.3% SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.

Past Month Illicit Drug Use (other than Marijuana) Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: NSDUH SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, U.S. Average 3.7% 3.9%

Past Month Marijuana Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: NSDUH 6.5% U.S. Average 6.2% SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.

Past Year Cocaine Use Among Persons Aged 12 and Older: NSDUH 2.5% U.S. Average 2.5% SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.

Rates of Any Past Year Illicit Drug Dependence/Abuse: CA vs. US SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.

Percent of NSDUH Respondents Who Needed Treatment for Illicit Drugs But Did Not Receive It: CA vs. US SOURCE: SAMHSA Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005.

Drug Availability, Purity, and Price Information National Drug Intelligence Center, ONDCP Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse

Cocaine/Crack in California Powder and crack cocaine supplied and distributed by Mexican drug trafficking organizations Purity levels for powder cocaine range from 15-95% $60-80/g (retail powder price range) $10-80/rock (retail crack price range)

Heroin in California Mexican drug trafficking organizations are primary wholesale and retail suppliers and distributors of Mexican black tar and brown powder heroin Purity levels vary throughout CA, ranging from 10-68% $50-100/g (retail Mexican black tar price range) $60-100/g (retail Mexican brown powder price range)

Marijuana in California Most widely available and most commonly used illicit drug in CA CA-produced marijuana is preferred because it is readily available and has high THC content (10-20% vs. 2-5% Mexican- produced) $60-160/oz (mid-level Mexican marijuana) $ /oz (mid-level CA-produced marijuana)

Methamphetamine in California Mexican and CA-produced meth are both readily available throughout CA Low-grade purity ranges from 18-40%; crystal meth purity ranges from 93-98% $ /oz (mid-level low-grade price range) $600-1,500/oz (mid-level crystal meth price range)

Drugs and Health-Related Consequences Emergency Department Drug Mentions Drug-Related Deaths

Regional Differences in Rates* of ED Mentions of Major Substances of Abuse SOURCE: Drug Abuse Warning Network, *Rate per 100,000 population

Top 5 Drugs Mentioned in California Drug Deaths SOURCE: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, DAWN, Year 2000

Drugs and Crime Felony and Misdemeanor Arrests CA Dept. of Corrections Offenders Drug Use Among Arrestees

Adult Felony Drug Arrests by Drug Category, California: 2003 SOURCE: California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, 2003.

Adult Misdemeanor Drug Arrests by Drug Category, California: SOURCE: California Department of Justice, Criminal Justice Statistics Center, 2003.

Offenders in CDC Institutions, by Offense: as of 12/31/03 Offense# of Offenders% of Total Crimes against persons 78, % Property32, Drug33, Missing/Other11, Total155, SOURCE: CA Department of Corrections, Prison Census Data as of December 31, 2003.

Drug Offenders in CDC Institutions: as of 12/31/03 Drug Offense# of Offenders% of Total CS possession13,0618.4% CS possession for sales 10, CS sales4, CS other Marijuana possess/sales 1, Total drug offenders 33, SOURCE: CA Department of Corrections, Prison Census Data as of December 31, 2003.

Federally-Sentenced Drug Offenders, California: FY 2002 SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, FY 2002 Sentencing Statistics, California.

Percentage of Male Arrestees Testing Positive for Drugs, By California City: 2003 SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.

Heavy Drug Use and Risk for Dependence Among Male Arrestees, By California City: 2003 SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.

Percentage of Female Arrestees Testing Positive for Drugs, By California City: 2003 SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.

Heavy Drug Use and Risk for Dependence among Female Arrestees, By California City: 2003 SOURCE: NIJ, Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program, 2004.

Drugs and the CA Treatment and Recovery System California Alcohol and Drug Data System (CADDS)

Polysubstance Abuse is the Norm, Rather than the Exception SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

California Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug of Abuse: 2003 N=242,600 SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

California Treatment Admissions by Primary Drug of Abuse (Excluding Alcohol): 2003 N=190,539 SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

Trends in CA Treatment Admissions (Excluding Alcohol): SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

Primary Drug by Route of Administration: CA, 2003 SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

Changes in Route of Methamphetamine Administration: CA, SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Abuse of Selected Substances: CA, 2003 SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

Number of Prior Episodes Among California Treatment Admissions: 2003 SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

CJ-Related Referral Sources Among CA Treatment Admissions: 2003 SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

Legal Status of CA Treatment Admissions: 2003 SOURCE: ADP, California Alcohol and Drug Data System, 2005.

California Student Survey Or The Statewide Healthy Kids Survey

CSS Mandated by Office of the Attorney General Given Biennially since 1986 Representative sample of students in grades 7, 9, 11 in CA

Percentage of Self Reported Substance Use in Past 6 Months from the CSS: 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Percentage of Weekly Substance Use in Past 6 Months from the CSS: 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Percentage of Self Reported Substance Use in Past 30 Days from the CSS: 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Lifetime-High Risk Use: 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Violence & Safety at school in past 12 months: 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Violence & Safety at school in past 12 months (cont): 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Relationship Between AOD Use and Violence-9th grade: 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Relationship Between AOD Use and Violence-11th grade: 2003/2004 SOURCE: CSS03Compendium Table.

Almost The End For questions, contact: Beth Finnerty UCLA ISAP ext. 376

The End For questions on CSS, contact: T. Kiku Annon WestED