Religious Holy Places: Jerusalem Jewish Presence: Temples of Solomon (Temple Mount) 1 st – King Solomon 2 nd – Built at the same location Western Wall (Wailing Wall) Only remaining portion of the 2 nd Temple Temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.
Religious Holy Places: Jerusalem Christian Heritage Mount of Olives Last Suffering Crucifixion Church of the Holy Sepulcher Burial Place Crusades Wars to regain control of the Holy Land
Religious Holy Places: Jerusalem Islamic Sacred Sites Dome of the Rock Muslims: Where Mohammad rose into Heaven Jews: Where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac
Early Civilizations Mesopotamia (Land Between Two Rivers) Sumer - First civilization to practice intensive, year-round agriculture Babylonia - Hammurabi's Code, first written Code of Laws Assyria - First form of formal writing used Chaldea - T he sun dial, the 7 day week and the science of astronomy
Outside of Mesopotamia Hittites Turkey Introduced the use of iron weapons First to create an alliance with another empire (Egypt) Persia Iran Innovation in government organization System of collecting taxes Splitting the huge empire into separate states called satrapies
Dividing the Moon Islam splits after the death of Mohammad Sunni – 83% of all Muslims Arabian Peninsula & Turkey Allowed up to 4 wife's Succession: Shi’it (Shia) – 17% of all Muslims Mostly in Iran Allowed only 1 wife Succession:
Shahada Salaah Sawm Zahaat Haji
World War I & Treaty of Versailles Divided the Ottoman Empire British – Southern section (Jordan & Palestine) French – Northern section (Syria & Lebanon) Creating the State of Israel Zionism Create a Jewish state in Palestine Before WWI 12% were Jewish Britain allowed uncheck immigration of Jews 1939 Britain halted immigration
Creating the State of Israel WWII Thousand of Holocaust survivors wanted to settle in Palestine. World opinion: Create of Jewish nation-state. Israel was created in 1948 by the United Nations. Surrounding Arabs nations invaded Israel. Hostilities continue today PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization (regain occupied land for the Palestinian Arabs)