CNI Spring Meeting April 26, 1999 Washington, DC THE NET OF THE 21st CENTURY: Concepts across the Interspace Bruce Schatz CANIS Laboratory Graduate School.

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CNI Spring Meeting April 26, 1999 Washington, DC THE NET OF THE 21st CENTURY: Concepts across the Interspace Bruce Schatz CANIS Laboratory Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

THE THIRD WAVE OF NET EVOLUTION PACKETS OBJECTS CONCEPTS

from Objects to Concepts from Syntax to Semantics Infrastructure is Interaction with Abstraction Internet is packet transmission across computers Interspace is concept navigation across repositories CONCEPT SPACES

LEVELS OF INDEXES Technology Engineering Electrical FORMAL INFORMAL (manual) (automatic) IEEE communities groups individuals

THE DISTRIBUTED WORLD Community Repositories in the Interspace Every Person performs Every Role USERrequest LIBRARIANreference INDEXERclassify PUBLISHERquality AUTHORgenerate

CONCEPTS ACROSS THE INTERSPACE

SCALABLE SEMANTICS Automatic indexing Domain-Independent indexing Statistical clustering Compute Context of concepts within documents documents within repositories

CROSS-OVERS IN SEMANTIC INDEXING

COMPUTING CONCEPTS ‘92: 4,000 (molecular biology) ‘93: 40,000 (molecular biology) ‘95: 400,000 (electrical engineering) ‘96: 4,000,000 (engineering) ‘98: 40,000,000 (medicine)

SIMULATING A NEW WORLD Obtain discipline-scale collection MEDLINE from NLM, 10M bibliographic abstracts human classification: Medical Subject Headings Partition discipline into Community Repositories 4 core terms per abstract for MeSH classification 32K nodes with core terms (classification tree) Community is all abstracts classified by core term 40M abstracts containing 280M concepts concept spaces took 2 days on NCSA Origin 2000 Simulating World of Medical Communities 10K repositories with > 1K abstracts (1K w/ > 10K)

COMMUNITY PROCESSING

INTERSPACE NAVIGATION Semantic Indexes for Community Repositories Navigating Abstractions within Repository concept space category map Interactive browsing by Community experts

Interspace Remote Access Client

Navigation in MEDSPACE For a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Find a drug that reduces the pain (analgesic) but does not cause stomach (gastrointestinal) bleeding Choose Domain

Concept Search

Concept Navigation

Retrieve Document

Navigate Document

Retrieve Document

Category Map

Category Navigation

Concept Navigation

SWITCHING In the Interspace... each Community maintains its own repository Switching is navigating Across repositories use your vocabulary to search another specialty

ENGINEERING SESSION

Engineering Categories & Concepts

Further Concept Navigation

Searching via Concept Suggestion

Switching Across Repositories

CONCEPT SWITCHING “Concept” versus “Term” set of “semantically” equivalent terms Concept switching region to region (set to set) match term Semantic region Concept Space

Medicine Session

Categories and Concepts

Concept Switching

Document Retrieval

INFORMATION SPACEFLIGHT Landscape as category map visualization Valleys are semantic clusters Hills are semantic distances Traversal across multiple levels of abstraction

Category Maps

SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS (SOMs)

INFORMATION SPACEFLIGHT

THE NET OF THE 21st CENTURY Beyond Objects to Concepts Beyond Search to Analysis Problem Solving via Cross-Correlating Multimedia Information across the Net Every community has its own special library Every community does semantic indexing true The Interspace is true Cyberspace

INFORMATION SPACEFLIGHT The Zen of the Net