Died in 2004 Watson and Crick described the structure of DNA: 1953.

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Presentation transcript:

Died in 2004 Watson and Crick described the structure of DNA: 1953

Nucleic Acids are: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): - giant polymers that carry instructions for making proteins RNA (ribonucleic acid): -interpret and carry out the instructions coded in the DNA

Nucleic acids store the information to make proteins

Monomers of nucleic acids: nucleotides A nucleotide consists of a: Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar Phosphate

DNA Deoxyribose Ribose Sugars in: RNA

Many nucleotides in DNA :

Two nucleotides join together to form a dinucleotide and many form a polynucleotide

DNA is like a ladder Bases are like the rungs of the ladder.

Backbones of RNA and DNA consist of: alternating sugars and phosphates Bases: -are attached to sugars -project from the side

5´ 3´ 5´ T G C T T T C G A C T G T T G A C G A A G C G T A A C A C A T A G C G C A T TA C G G A T T A C G T A A T C G A T Cartoon of base pairing Cartoon of double helix DNA is a double helix. A DNA molecule: consists of two polynucleotide strands each coiled in a right-handed helix (cylindrical spiral)

The two complementary polynucleotide strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases of adjacent nucleotides

Complementary base pairing:  particular bases pair only with certain bases e.g. adenine – thymine  makes it possible to copy DNA molecules faithfully

Chargaff’s rule: A+G = T+C e.g. If there is 31% adenine in DNA, find the percentage of guanine. A = T = = 62%. So C + G = 100 – 62 = 38%. Guanine = 38/2 = 19%

The virus has single-stranded DNA as its genetic material. Explain the evidence from the table which suggests that the DNA is single-stranded. (2) Organism Percentage of each base AdenineGuanineCytosineThymine Human Cow Salmon Rat Virus amounts of A and T /C and G/complementary bases different; therefore no base-pairing;

Differences between RNA & DNA

RNADNA pentose sugar: ribose pentose sugar: deoxyribose bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine uracil bases: adenine guanine cytosine thymine

RNADNA ratio of: adenine & uracil to cytosine & guanine varies ratio of: adenine & thymine to cytosine & guanine is one

RNADNA manufactures in the nucleus but found throughout the cell found almost entirely in the nucleus [occurs in mitochondria & chloroplasts] interpret and carry out the instructions coded in the DNA carry instructions for making proteins

RNADNA RNA strands are continually made, broken down and reused DNA is completely protected by the body

RNADNA RNA is synthesized from DNA when needed DNA is self-replicating

RNADNA maybe temporary - existing for short periods permanent 3 basic forms: messenger, transfer and ribosomal RNA only one basic form

THE END